Comparison of plant cell wall degrading community in the rumen of N'Dama and N'Dama x Jersey crossbred cattle in relation to in vivo and in vitro cell wall degradation [Elektronische Ressource] / presented by Nouala Fonkou Simplice

Nouala

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_hohenheim
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2004
• Nombre de lectures: 30
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

University of Hohenheim
Institute of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics
Aquaculture Systems and Animal Nutrition in the Tropics and Subtropics




Comparison of plant cell wall degrading community in the rumen of
N’Dama and N’Dama x Jersey crossbred cattle in relation to in vivo
and in vitro cell wall degradation


Dissertation
Submitted for the acquisition of the degree ‘’a Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften’’

(Dr.sc.agr. /Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences)
Faculty Agricultural Sciences

Presented by
Nouala Fonkou Simplice
2004


Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde am 26.02.2004 von der Fakultät
Agrarwissenschaftern der Universität Hohenheim als „Dissertation zur
Erlangung des Grades eines Doktores der Agrarwissenschaften“ angenommen.

Tag der mündlichen Prüfer 11.06 2004
Dekan Prof. Dr. K. Stahr
Berichterstatter, 1. Prüfer Prof. Dr. K. Becker
Mitberichterstatter, 2. Prüfer Prof. Dr. R. Schultze-Kraft
3. Prüfer Priv. Doz. Dr. H.-R. Korff

Acknowledgements
I would like to express my earnest thanks and appreciation to my supervisor
Prof. Dr. Klaus Becker for his unreserved support and guidance in undertaking
my PhD study. I would like also to give high regard for his concern and active
involvement in all administrative and academic procedures
I am very grateful to Dr. Stefan Muetzel and Dr. Ellen Hoffmann for their time
and patience in reading, correcting my dissertation. They had very great
contributions in the inception, execution and refinement of this study. They
assistance during microbial community analysis is invaluable
Many thanks to the staff of the Institute of Animal Production in the Tropics and
Subtropics (480) for the warm atmosphere, especially to Herrmann
Baumgärtner for helping during short chain fatty acids analysis.
It gives me a pleasure to thank the Director General of International
Trypanotolerance Centre (ITC), the management and the staffs for the concerns
and help. This study was partially funded by Procordel (Programme concerté de
recherche-developpement sur l'élevage en Afrique de l'Ouest, Project No
6157/REG, 8th EDF. I wish to particularly thank Dr. Susanne. Münstermann, the
Procordel project manager for her concern and constant assistance.
My Thanks also goes to Mr. M. Adesina for his help and concern during all the
experiments at ITC.
Many thanks to my ‘Family’ in Gambia (Austin Bosso and Jacques Somda) for
their encouragement and moral support during my stay in The Gambia.
I am also grateful to DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst) for the
financial support in Germany.
Many thanks to my family in Cameroon for the moral support during my study.
Finally, I am thankful for the love, understanding and patience of my wife,
Eugenie Nouala and daughters Annabelle and Cynthia during my study.


Tables of contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................ 1
2. Literature review.................................................................................... 4
2.1 Crop residue as animal feed ................................................................ 4
2.2 Supplementation with conventional concentrates ................................ 5
2.3 Supplementation with tree fodder ........................................................ 6
2.4 Feed intake and digestibility in relation to animal genotypes ............... 8
2.5 The Rumen ecosystem ...................................................................... 10
2.6 In vitro gas production technique ....................................................... 15
3. Materials and Methods........................................................................ 18
3.1 In vivo study ....................................................................................... 18
3.1.1 Animals and housing 18
3.1.2 Experimental feeds......................................................................... 18
3.1.3 Treatment 20
3.1.4 Feed intake measurement.............................................................. 22
3.1.5 In vivo digestibility........................................................................... 22
3.1.6 Weight gain .................................................................................... 23
3.2 Microbial community analysis ............................................................ 23
3.2.1 Sample collection 23
3.2.2 RNA extraction ............................................................................... 24
3.2.3 Agarose gel electrophoresis ........................................................... 24
3.2.4 Membrane hybridisation ................................................................. 25
3.3 In vitro study....................................................................................... 27
3.3.1 Donor animals and housing............................................................ 27
3.3.2 Donor diets ..................................................................................... 28

3.3.3 Treatments ..................................................................................... 28
3.3.4 In vitro incubation ........................................................................... 29
3.3.5 Sample collection from in vitro incubation ...................................... 30
3.4 Statistical analysis.............................................................................. 31
4. Results.................................................................................................. 32
4.1 In vivo study ............................................................................................ 32
4.1.1 Organic matter and digestible organic intake .................................... 33
4.1.2 Organic matter digestibility ................................................................ 35
4.1.3 Daily weight gain ............................................................................... 37
4.2 Microbial community analysis.................................................................. 38
4.3 In vitro experiments ................................................................................. 42
4.3.1 Gas production and short chain fatty acids (SCFA)........................... 42
4.3.2 In vitro true fibre digestibility (IVTD) and partitioning factor (PF) ....... 45
4.4 Correlation between in vitro parameters and animal responses.............. 49
5. Discussion ........................................................................................... 51
5.1 Feed intake as affected by the cattle breed............................................. 51
5.2 Effect of cattle breed on in vivo digestibility 52
5.3 Comparison of cell wall degrading microbial community composition in two
cattle breeds.................................................................................................. 53
5.4 Feed intake and digestibility as affected by the level of supplementation 55
5.5 Moringa oleifera as an alternative supplement for cattle production........ 56
5.6 Effect of source of inoculum (donor breed and donor diet) on in vitro
fermentation parameters ............................................................................... 57
5.7 Prediction of level of supplementation from in vitro fibre digestibility....... 59
6. Conclusion........................................................................................... 60
7. Summary .............................................................................................. 62

8. Zusammenfassung.............................................................................. 66
9. References ........................................................................................... 71
10. Appendix ................................................................................................. I



List of figures
Figure 1: Gel for quantification and quality check of RNAs after electrophoresis. Each
gel contained 6 profiles of known RNAs as standard ................................................... 25
Figure 2: Membrane layout used for hybridisations. Each membrane contained 18 slots
where RNA from a member of the target group was blotted. The membrane shown was
hybridised with the Universal probe using E. coli as reference series.......................... 27
Figure 3: Effect of increasing level of supplementation on total organic matter intake
(TOMI) of three different diets fed to two cattle breeds. (BCS:Co= baby corn stover and
ndconcentrate supplementation; GNH:Mo* groundnut hay(2 batch) and moringa meal.
*** Breed difference p<0.001, **p<0.01 if not mentioned p>0.05) ................................ 34
Figure 4: Effect of increasing level of supplementation on organic matter digestibility
(OMD) of three different diets fed to two cattle breeds. (BCS:Co= baby corn stover and
concentratednut hay (second batch) and moringa
meal. *** breed difference p<0.001, **p<0.01 if not mentioned p>0.05)....................... 36
Figure 5: Effect of increasing level of supplementation on digestibility of Neutral
detergent fibre (DNDF) o