Complex materials via colloidal crystallization [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Markus Retsch

Informations

• Publié par: johannes_gutenberg-universitat_mainz
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

Complex Materials via Colloidal Crystallization








Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Grades
"Doktor der Naturwissenschaften"
im Promotionsfach Chemie

am Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften
der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität in Mainz



vorgelegt von



Markus Retsch

geboren in Augsburg






Mainz, 2009



Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde in der Zeit von Oktober 2006 bis März 2009 in der Mate-
rialforschungsgruppe am Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung angefertigt.























Dekan:
1. Berichterstatter:
2. Berichterstatter:
Übrige Mitglieder der Prüfungskommission:


Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 04. Mai 2009





























Wenn nicht geschehen wird,
was wir wollen,
so wird geschehen,
was besser ist.

Martin Luther

Table of Content

Abbreviations........................................................................................ - 11 -
Summary ............................................................................................... - 13 -
1. General Introduction .................................................................... - 15 -
1.1. Nanoparticle Synthesis .............................................................................. - 16 -
1.2. Colloidal Crystal and Inverse Opal Fabrication....................................... - 18 -
1.3. Colloidal Crystals and their Interaction with Light and Sound ................ - 22 -
1.4. Nanosphere Lithography ........................................................................... - 24 -
1.5. Aim and Motivation ................................................................................... - 26 -
1.6. Bibliography .............................................................................................. - 27 -
2. Methods .......................................................................................... - 33 -
2.1. Optical Microscopy.................................................................................... - 33 -
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy.................................................................. - 33 -
2.3. Atomic Force Microscopy.......................................................................... - 34 -
2.4. UV/Vis/NIR Spectroscopy - 36 -
2.5. Brillouin Light Scattering - 37 -
2.6. Bibliography .............................................................................................. - 40 -
3. Materials......................................................................................... - 41 -
3.1. Size adjustment of polymer nanoparticles ................................................. - 42 -
3.1.1. Polystyrene nanoparticles .................................................................. - 43 -
3.1.2. Polymethylmethacrylate nanoparticles.............................................. - 45 -
3.2. Synthesis of Monodisperse Polymer Particles with Different Functionality and
Composition............................................................................................... - 46 -
3.3. Synthesis of Core-Shell Particles and Semibatch Synthesis ...................... - 47 -
3.4. Synthesis of Monodisperse Silica Nanoparticles....................................... - 49 -
3.5. Fabrication of Colloidal Crystals.............................................................. - 52 -
3.6. Inverse Opals via Codeposition................................................................. - 53 -
3.7. Bibliography .............................................................................................. - 55 -
4. Results and Discussion.................................................................. - 57 -
4.1. Fabrication of Large Area, Transferable Colloidal Monolayers Utilizing Self-
Assembly at the Air-Water Interface.......................................................... - 59 -
4.1.1. Introduction........................................................................................ - 60 -
4.1.2. Monolayer formation by dry, sparsely distributed particles .............. - 61 -
4.1.3. Parameters affecting the monolayer quality....................................... - 64 -
4.1.4. Transfer of monolayers ...................................................................... - 69 -
4.1.5. Conclusion and outlook - 75 -
4.1.6. Experimental part ............................................................................... - 77 -
4.1.7. Bibliography.......................................................................................- 78 -
4.2. Template Free Structuring of Colloidal Monolayers using Inkjet Printing
....................................................................................................................- 81 -
4.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................ - 82 -
4.2.2. Single step patterning with multiple particles.................................... - 84 -
4.2.3. Printing of sub-monolayer lines .........................................................- 85 -
4.2.4. Floating of printed lines ..................................................................... - 87 -
4.2.5. Fabrication of arbitrary patterns - 90 -
4.2.6. Selective surface patterning ...............................................................- 91 -
4.2.7. Multiple plasmonic properties............................................................- 93 -
4.2.8. Conclusion and outlook...................................................................... - 95 -
4.2.9. Experimental part ...............................................................................- 96 -
4.2.10. Bibliography.......................................................................................- 97 -
4.3. Parallel Preparation of Densely Packed Arrays of 150 nm Split-Ring
Resonators in Three Dimensions................................................................ - 99 -
4.3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................... - 100 -
4.3.2. Concept of the fabrication process...................................................- 101 -
4.3.3. Crescents array fabrication............................................................... - 103 -
4.3.4. Stacking and twisting of crescent arrays.......................................... - 105 -
4.3.5. Conclusions and outlook .................................................................. - 107 -
4.3.6. Experimental part ............................................................................. - 108 -
4.3.7. Bibliography.....................................................................................- 109 -
4.4. Laterally Patterned Ultraflat Surfaces for Reusable Surface Plasmon Sensors
..................................................................................................................- 111 -
4.4.1. Introduction ...................................................................................... - 112 -
4.4.2. Fabrication of ultraflat, nanostructured surfaces.............................. - 114 -
4.4.3. Selective functionalization of patterned surfaces............................. - 115 -
4.4.4. Embedded nanostructures as reusable sensing platform.................. - 116 -
4.4.5. Conclusion and outlook.................................................................... - 119 -
4.4.6. Experimental part ............................................................................. - 120 -

4.4.7. Bibliography .................................................................................... - 121 -
4.5. Composite Inverse Opals in Inverse Opals.............................................. - 123 -
4.5.1. Introduction...................................................................................... - 124 -
4.5.2. Inverse opal in inverse opal fabrication by multiple vertical lifting
deposition......................................................................................... - 125 -
4.5.3. Inverse opals by infiltration with metal oxide nanoparticles........... - 126 -
4.5.4. Infiltration of colloidal particles into inverse opals ......................... - 129 -
4.5.5. IOIO comprising of various materials ............................................. - 131 -
4.5.6. Conclusions and outlook.................................................................. - 133 -
4.5.7. Experimental part............................................................................. - 134 -
4.5.8. Bibliography .................................................................................... - 135 -
4.6. Elastic Properties of Individual Colloidal Particles ............................... - 137 -
4.6.1. Introduction...................................................................................... - 138 -
4.6.2. Polystyrene particles and particle mix