Depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients

Gozdzik-Zelazny A, Borecki L, Pokorski, Pokorski M

Description

Distinction between true negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia is difficult. In the present study we seek to establish the psychological profile of depression-prone schizophrenic patients. We addressed the issue by comparing the expression of psychological indices, such as the feelings of being in control of events, anxiety, mood, and the style of coping with stress in depressive and non-depressive schizophrenics. We also analyzed the strength of the association of these indices with the presence of depressive symptoms. A total of 49 patients (18 women and 31 men, aged 23-59) were enrolled into the study, consisting of a self-reported psychometric survey. We found that the prevalence of clinically significant depression in schizophrenic patients was 61%. The factors which contributed to the intensification of depressive symptoms were the external locus of control, anxiety, gloomy mood, and the emotion-oriented coping with stress. We conclude that psychological testing may discern those schizophrenic patients who would be at risk of depression development and may help separate the blurred boundaries between depressive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Sujets

• Anxiety
• Dépression
• Locus of control
• Schizophrenia
• Stress

Informations

• Publié par: biomed
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 10
• Langue: English

Extrait

DeCember 2, 2011

Eur J Med ReS (2011) 16: 549-552

EURoPEan JoURnaL oF MEDIcaL REsEaRcH

549 © I. HOlZàpfel PubliSherS 2011

D EPREssIvE s yMPtoMs In s cHIzoPHREnIc P atIEnts

1 11, 2 a. GOZdZik-zelàZNY, L. BOreCki, M. POkOrSki

1 2 INSTiTuTe Of PSYChOlOgY, opOle UNiVerSiTY, opOle, POlàNd;MediCàl ReSeàrCh ceNTer, POliSh aCàdemY Of sCieNCeS, WàrSàw, POlàNd

Abstractgued ThàT The àSCribiNg SYmpTOmS TO ONe Or The OTher DiSTiNCTiON beTweeN True NegàTiVe àNd depreSSiVeCONdiTiON ShOuld be bàSed ON The NàTure OfàffeCTiVe SYmpTOmS iN SChiZOphreNià iS diffiCulT. IN The preSeNTdiSOrder preSeNT, wiTh SàdNeSS predOmiNàTiNg iN de- STudY we Seek TO eSTàbliSh The pSYChOlOgiCàl prOfile OfpreSSiON àNd àpàThY iN SChiZOphreNià. apàrT frOm The depreSSiON-prONe SChiZOphreNiC pàTieNTS. We àd- SubTle differeNCe beTweeN TheSe TwO àffeCTiVe STàTeS, dreSSed The iSSue bY COmpàriNg The expreSSiON OfpSY- ThiSCriTeriON iS NOT uNiVerSàllY àCCepTed. ChOlOgiCàl iNdiCeS, SuCh àS The feeliNgS OfbeiNg iNFrOm The CliNiCàl STàNdpOiNT iT SeemS wOrThwhile TO CONTrOl OfeVeNTS, àNxieTY, mOOd, àNd The STYle OfCOp- eSTàbliShà pSYChOlOgiCàl prOfile OfThe SChiZOphreNiC iNg wiTh STreSS iN depreSSiVe àNd NON-depreSSiVe SChiZ-whO mighT be VulNeràble TO depreSSiON duriNg The OphreNiCS. We àlSO àNàlYZed The STreNgTh OfThe àSSOCi-COurSe OfhiS diSeàSe. IN The preSeNT STudY, TherefOre, àTiON OfTheSe iNdiCeS wiTh The preSeNCe OfdepreSSiVe weSeek TO deTermiNe The àSSOCiàTiON OfSOme pSYChO- SYmpTOmS. a TOTàl Of49 pàTieNTS (18 wOmeN àNd 31 lOgiCàl iNdiCeS, SuCh àS The lOCuS OfCONTrOl, àNxieTY, meN, àged 23-59) were eNrOlled iNTO The STudY, CONSiST-mOOd, àNd The STràTegY OfCOpiNg wiTh STreSS, àll Of iNg Ofà Self-repOrTed pSYChOmeTriC SurVeY. We fOuNdwhiCh uNderlie ChàNgeS iN àffeCTiVe STàTe, wiTh The ThàT The preVàleNCe OfCliNiCàllY SigNifiCàNT depreSSiONpreSeNCe OfdepreSSiON iN SChiZOphreNiC pàTieNTS. We iN SChiZOphreNiC pàTieNTS wàS 61%. the fàCTOrS whiChàddreSSed The iSSue bY COmpàriNg The expreSSiON Of CONTribuTed TO The iNTeNSifiCàTiON OfdepreSSiVe SYmp-TheSe iNdiCeS, àS àSSeSSed bY pSYChOmeTriC TOOlS, iN de- TOmS were The exTerNàl lOCuS OfCONTrOl, àNxieTY, preSSiVe àNd NON-depreSSiVe SChiZOphreNiCS. oVeràll, glOOmY mOOd, àNd The emOTiON-OrieNTed COpiNg wiThThe STudY demONSTràTeS ThàT The àSSeSSmeNT OfThe pSY- STreSS. We CONClude ThàT pSYChOlOgiCàl TeSTiNg màY diS-ChOlOgiCàl iNdiCeS COuld help reCOgNiZe The àppeàràNCe CerN ThOSe SChiZOphreNiC pàTieNTS whO wOuld be àTOf depreSSiONiN SChiZOphreNià. riSk OfdepreSSiON deVelOpmeNT àNd màY help SepàràTe The blurred bOuNdàrieS beTweeN depreSSiVe àNd Negà- M atERIaL anD M EtHoDs TiVe SYmpTOmS OfSChiZOphreNià. the STudY wàS Càrried OuT iN àCCOrd wiTh The eThiCàl Key words:CONTrOl, SChiZO-aNxieTY, depreSSiON, lOCuS OfHelSiNki fOr hu-priNCipleS SeT iN The DeClàràTiON Of phreNià, STreSSmàN experimeNTàTiON àNd wàS àpprOVed bY àN iNSTiTu- TiONàl ReSeàrCh ReView cOmmiTTee. subjeCTS whO were I ntRoDUctIon eNrOlled iNTO The STudY gàVe iNfOrmed CONSeNT àfTer beiNg iNfOrmed àbOuT The àim OfThe STudY àNd The negàTiVe SYmpTOmS iN SChiZOphreNià, whiCh àppeàr TOpSYChOmeTriC meThOdS àpplied. nO iNCeNTiVe wàS Of- refleCT à dimiNuTiON OfNOrmàl fuNCTiONS, SuCh àS àpà-fered fOr eNrOlmeNT iNTO The STudY. ThY, làCk OfemOTiON, Or pOOr SOCiàl fuNCTiONiNg, àre Similàr TO ThOSe iN depreSSiON [1]. IT iS COmmONlY held P atIEnts ThàT depreSSiVe SYmpTOmS àre frequeNT àmONg SChiZO- phreNiCS, wiTh The brOàd frequeNCY OSCillàTiNg beTweeNa TOTàl Of49 SubjeCTS uNdergOiNg pSYChiàTriC TreàT- 10-75% [2-4]. suCh SYmpTOmS OfTeN àre relàTed TO Sui-meNT àNd rehàbiliTàTiON pàrTiCipàTed iN The STudY; meàN Cidàl ThOughTS iN SChiZOphreNià [5, 6]. sO màNY àS 2-àge 41.6 ±11.0(sD), ràNge 23-59 YeàrS, F/M – 18/31. 13% OfSChiZOphreNiCS eVeNTuàllY COmmiT SuiCide àNdall SubjeCTS were diàgNOSed wiTh pàràNOid SChiZOphre- mOST OfThem experieNCe depreSSiVe SYmpTOmS àTNià (F20.0 àCCOrdiNg TO IcD-10). the meàN duràTiON SOme pOiNT Oflife, eSpeCiàllY The feeliNgS OfhelpleSS- OfThe diSeàSe wàS 12.0 ± 7.9 YeàrS frOm The Time Of NeSS àNd lOSS [7, 8]. DepreSSiVe SYmpTOmS OfTeN CON-diàgNOSiS. the iNCluSiON CriTeriON wàS ThàT The pàTieNT TribuTe TO SChiZOphreNià exàCerbàTiON [9] àNd, wheNbe NO leSS ThàN 1 Yeàr frOm The begiNNiNg OfàN àCuTe preSeNT àT iNiTiàl àdmiSSiON TO hOSpiTàl, màY àugur àphàSe OfThe diSeàSe. the pàTieNTS were iN remiSSiON quiCk relàpSe [10]; àll OfwhiCh màkeS The reCOgNiTiONduriNg The STudY, remàiNiNg ON STàNdàrd dOSeS OfThe àNd TreàTmeNT OfdepreSSiON OfpàràmOuNT impOr-àNTipSYChOTiC drugS riSperidONe àNd OlàNZàpiNe. the TàNCe iN SChiZOphreNià. the làrge SCàTTer iN The fre-exCluSiON CriTerià were àN àCTiVe SChiZOàffeCTiVe diSOr- queNCY OfdepreSSiON iN SChiZOphreNiCS àbOVe OuT-der àNd phàrmàCOlOgiCàl Or OTherwiSe àNTidepreSSiVe liNed SeemS TO hàVe refleCTed The àmbiguiTY OfdiSTiN- TreàTmeNT.the eduCàTiONàl STàTuS OfThe eNrOlled pà- guiShiNg beTweeN The NegàTiVe SYmpTOmS OfSChiZO- TieNTSwàS àS fOllOwS: 6 perSONS wiTh primàrY eduCà- phreNià àNd ThOSe OfdepreSSiON. siriS & BeNCh [4] àr-TiON (12.2%), 17 wiTh VOCàTiONàl eduCàTiON (34.7%), 21