Determinants of sexual dysfunction among clinically diagnosed diabetic patients
11 pages
English

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Determinants of sexual dysfunction among clinically diagnosed diabetic patients

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus
11 pages
English
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

Description

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can result in various medical, psychological and sexual dysfunctions (SD) if not properly managed. SD in men is a common under-appreciated complication of diabetes. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of SD among diabetic patients in Tema, Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Method Sexual functioning was determined in 300 consecutive diabetic men (age range: 18-82 years) visiting the diabetic clinic of Tema General Hospital with the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaire, between November, 2010 and March, 2011. In addition to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, the level of glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and serum testosterone were assessed. All the men had a steady heterosexual relationship for at least 2 years before enrolment in the study. Results Out the 300 participants contacted, the response rate was 91.3% after 20 declined participation and 6 incomplete data were excluded All the respondents had at least basic education, 97.4% were married, 65.3% were known hypertensive, 3.3% smoked cigarettes, 27% took alcoholic beverages and 32.8% did some form of exercise. The 69.3% SD rate observed in this study appears to be related to infrequency (79.2%), non-sensuality (74.5%), dissatisfaction with sexual acts (71.9%), non-communication (70.8%) and impotence (67.9%). Other areas of sexual function, including premature ejaculation (56.6%) and avoidance (42.7%) were also substantially affected. However, severe SD was seen in only 4.7% of the studied population. The perceived "adequate", "desirable", "too short" and "too long intra-vaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) are 5-10, 5-10, 1-2 and 15-30 minutes respectively. Testosterone correlates negatively with glycated haemoglobin (HBA1c), FBS, perceived desirable, too short IELT, and weight as well as waist circumference. Conclusion SD rate from this study is high but similar to that reported among self-reported diabetic patients in Kumasi, Ghana and vary according to the condition and age. The determinants of SD from this study are income level, exercise, obesity, higher perception of "desirable" and "too short" IELT.

Informations

Publié par
Publié le 01 janvier 2011
Nombre de lectures 11
Langue English

Extrait

Owiredu et al. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2011, 9:70
http://www.rbej.com/content/9/1/70
RESEARCH Open Access
Determinants of sexual dysfunction among
clinically diagnosed diabetic patients
1 2* 1 3 4William KBA Owiredu , Nafiu Amidu , Huseini Alidu , Charity Sarpong and Christian K Gyasi-Sarpong
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can result in various medical, psychological and sexual
dysfunctions (SD) if not properly managed. SD in men is a common under-appreciated complication of diabetes. This
study assessed the prevalence and determinants of SD among diabetic patients in Tema, Greater Accra Region of Ghana.
Method: Sexual functioning was determined in 300 consecutive diabetic men (age range: 18-82 years) visiting the
diabetic clinic of Tema General Hospital with the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS)
questionnaire, between November, 2010 and March, 2011. In addition to the socio-demographic characteristics of
the participants, the level of glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and serum testosterone were
assessed. All the men had a steady heterosexual relationship for at least 2 years before enrolment in the study.
Results: Out the 300 participants contacted, the response rate was 91.3% after 20 declined participation and 6
incomplete data were excluded All the respondents had at least basic education, 97.4% were married, 65.3% were
known hypertensive, 3.3% smoked cigarettes, 27% took alcoholic beverages and 32.8% did some form of exercise.
The 69.3% SD rate observed in this study appears to be related to infrequency (79.2%), non-sensuality (74.5%),
dissatisfaction with sexual acts (71.9%), non-communication (70.8%) and impotence (67.9%). Other areas of sexual
function, including premature ejaculation (56.6%) and avoidance (42.7%) were also substantially affected. However,
severe SD was seen in only 4.7% of the studied population. The perceived “adequate”, “desirable”, “too short” and
“too long intra-vaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) are 5-10, 5-10, 1-2 and 15-30 minutes respectively.
Testosterone correlates negatively with glycated haemoglobin (HBA1c), FBS, perceived desirable, too short IELT, and
weight as well as waist circumference.
Conclusion: SD rate from this study is high but similar to that reported among self-reported diabetic patients in
Kumasi, Ghana and vary according to the condition and age. The determinants of SD from this study are income
level, exercise, obesity, higher perception of “desirable” and “too short” IELT.
Background erectile dysfunction (ED). All three forms of SD can
Some of the consequences of diabetes include various affect diabetic patients as well as their quality of life
sigmedical [1], psychological [2], and sexual [3] dysfunc- nificantly. About 322 and 380 million people worldwide
tions. Among diabetic patients, hyperglycaemia can result are projected to develop erectile dysfunction (ED) and
in several complications ranging from short to long term diabetes respectively by the year 2025 with the largest
effects. These complications could be avoided or deferred projection increases in the developing countries [4,5].
by effective control of the blood sugar level. Disorder of The debate about the aetiology and risk factors for SD
among diabetic patients is still on-going. Diabetic patientssexual function in men is a common under-appreciated
complication of diabetes. SD among diabetic men may can develop both organogenic and psychogenic sexual
dysinclude disorders of libido, ejaculatory problems, and function because they have a high likelihood of developing
vascular and neurological complications as well as
psychological problems [3]. As such, various efforts to elucidate
* Correspondence: nafamidu@yahoo.com
2 the aetiology of SD among diabetic patients have suggestedDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health
Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science several factors (e.g. neurological, vascular, endocrine, and
and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
© 2011 Owiredu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Owiredu et al. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2011, 9:70 Page 2 of 11
http://www.rbej.com/content/9/1/70
psychological) including the use of medication or a com- socio-demographic information including age, marital
binedeffectofsomeofthesefactors[6-8]. status, behavioural activities (smoking and alcohol
conThe prevalence of SD and diabetes varies widely prob- sumption), educational background, occupation and
ably because ofthe different definitions and thepopulation income level. Body weight with study participants in light
studied, which in turn vary with respect to the number clothing was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg on a
bathand selection of participants, cultural background, socioe- room scale (Zhongshan Camry Electronics Co. Ltd.
conomic level, quality of psychosexual relationships and Guangdong, China) and height to the nearest 0.5 cm was
income. Few studies conducted among the Ghanaian com- measured with the study participants standing upright
munity indicate 66% SD rate among the general male and barefooted, with the heels put together and the head
population [9], 59.8% among men with various medical in the horizontal plane against a wall-mounted ruler.
conditions [10] and 59.2% among men in a marriage rela- Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight
2tionship [11] all domiciled in the Kumasi metropolis (kg) by the height squared (m ). Waist circumference (to
(Ashanti region). In the study among men with various the nearest centimetre) was measured with a Gulick II
medical conditions, those with self-reported diabetes had spring-loaded measuring tape (Gay Mill, WI) midway
70.0% SD rate [10]. However, it is not clear whether the between the inferior angle of the ribs and the suprailiac
prevalence of SD among the Ghanaian community would crest. Hip circumference was measured as the maximal
vary based on location and between clinically diagnosed circumference over the buttocks in centimeter and the
and self-reported diabetic patients. Apart from these, the waist to hip ratio (WHR) calculated by dividing the waist
degree to which medical conditions and perceptual differ- (cm) by the hip circumference (cm).
ences would affect SD is not known. Hence, this study
assessed the prevalence as well as the determinants of SD Measurements of perception of IELT
among clinically diagnosed diabetic patients leaving in Questions regarding perception of normal and abnormal
Tema, Greater Accra region of Ghana. The study also IELT were adapted and modified from a study among sex
assessed what the participants considered to be normal therapists conducted in the US and Canada [12]. The
and abnormal IELT. To our knowledge, this is the first respondents were asked for background information
study of SD conducted among this population in Ghana. (age, sex, occupation, educational level, marital status,
etc.) and had questions about IELTs such as “too short,”
Methods “adequate,”“desirable,” or “too long.” The respondents
Participants were asked to give their opinion regarding, for example,
A cross-sectionalstudy was conductedamong300 diabetic “What is an adequate amount of time to elapse in sex
patients visiting Tema General Hospital in the Greater from penile penetration of the vagina to ejaculation?”
Accra region of Ghana. The Participants were recruited in The question was asked in four different ways, with the
a consecutive procedure from November 2010 to March italicized word changing from adequate,to desirable,to
2011. Eligibility criteria for participants were as follows: too short,to too long. This is an estimated time response,
sexually active, stable heterosexual relation for at least 2 not a stop-watch-measured time response.
yearsbefore enrollment inthe study, aged 18yearsor older
and diabetic. A stable relationship was defined as one in The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction
whichthe man wasengaged and maintainssexual relations, Sexual response was measured by the Golombok Rust
regardless of their marital status. The age range of the dia- Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaire.
betic men involved in this study was between 18 and 82 The GRISS has 28 items on a single sheet and its use for
years. Participation of the respondents was voluntary and assessing the existence and severity of sexual problems in
informed consentwas obtainedfromeachparticipant.The heterosexual couples or individuals who have a current
study was approved by the Committee on Human heterosexual relationship. All the 28 questions are
Research, Publication and Ethics of the School of Medical answered on a five-point (Likert type) scale from “always”,
ScienceandtheKomfoAnokyeTeachingHospital,Kumasi. through “usually’, “sometimes”,and “hardly ever”,to
“never”. It provides overall scores of the quality of sexual
Procedure functioning within a

  • Univers Univers
  • Ebooks Ebooks
  • Livres audio Livres audio
  • Presse Presse
  • Podcasts Podcasts
  • BD BD
  • Documents Documents