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Sujets
Informations
Publié par | universitat_potsdam |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2010 |
Nombre de lectures | 65 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 7 Mo |
Extrait
Universität Potsdam
Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Engineered human cytochrome c: Investigation of superoxide and
proteinprotein interaction and application in bioelectronic systems
Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
"doctor rerum naturalium"
(Dr. rer. nat.)
in der Wissenschaftsdisziplin "Biochemie"
eingereicht an der
MathematischNaturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Universität Potsdam
von
Franziska Wegerich
Potsdam, den 15. September 2010
Published online at the
Institutional Repository of the University of Potsdam:
URL http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5078/
URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517‐opus‐50782
http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-50782 Dissertation – Franziska Wegerich
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ET electron transfer
proton coupled electron transfer PECT
Self‐assembled monolayer SAM
Proteins
cyt c Cytochrome c
XOD Xanthine oxidase
BOD Bilirubin oxidase
SOX Sulfite oxidase
SOD Superoxide dismutase
Molybdenum cofactor Moco
wild‐type WT
Chemicals
MUA 11‐Mercaptoundecanoic acid
MU 11‐Mercaptoundecanol
MPA Mercaptopropionic acid
PASA Poly(anilinesulfonic acid)
HX Hypoxanthine
Dithiothreitol DTT
IPTG β‐D‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside
EDC N‐Ethyl‐N‐(3‐
dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
hydrochloride
Methods
CV Cyclic voltammetry
AFM Atomic force microscopy
SPR Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy
LbL Layer‐by‐Layer
LB Langmuir‐Blodgett
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
1 1H NMR one dimensional H NMR…
1 15 1 15H‐ N HSQC NMR two‐dimensional H‐ N heteronuclear single
quantum coherence NMR
Units
Da Dalton
M Molar
A Ampere
V Volt
‐3k kilo‐ (10 )
‐3m mili‐ (10 )
‐6μ micro‐ (10 )
‐9n nano‐ (10 )
‐12p pico‐ (10 )
III
Dissertation – Franziska Wegerich
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 General motivations for this work .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Aim of this work .............................................................. 3
2 LITERATURE SURVEY .......................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Redox proteins and enzymes .................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Cytochrome c ........................................................ 4
2.1.1.1 The role of cytochrome c in nature ............................................................. 5
2.1.1.2 The reaction of cytochrome c with superoxide ...................................... 9
2.1.1.3 Comparison of human and horse cytochrome c structure ............. 11
2.1.1.4 Examples of mutational studies with cytochrome c.......................... 12
2.1.2 Superoxide dismutase .................................................................................................. 13
2.1.3 Bilirubin oxidase ............................................................................................................. 15
2.1.4 Sulfite oxidase ................................................... 16
2.2 Biosensors ....................................................................... 19
2.2.1 Electrochemical biosensors based on direct protein electrochemistry ... 19
2.2.2 Examples of protein engineering for biosensor applications....................... 21
2.2.3 Layer‐by‐Layer technique for biosensor applications .................................... 22
2.3 Superoxide radicals .................................................................................................................... 24
2.3.1 Role of superoxide radicals in nature ..................................................................... 24
2.3.2 Detection methods for superoxide ..............................26
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................................ 29
3.1 Materials ......................................................................................................................................... 29
3.1.1 Materials ......... 29
3.1.2 Buffers .................................................................. 29
3.2 Methods .................... 30
3.2.1 Preparation of cytochrome c mutants ................................................................... 30
3.2.1.1 Mutation of human cytochrome c ............................................................. 30
3.2.1.2 Recombinant expression and purification of wild‐type and
mutated human cytochrome c .................................................................... 30
3.2.2 NMR measurements ...................................................................................................... 31
3.2.3 Spectrophotometric measurements ....................................................................... 32
3.2.3.1 Reaction with superoxide ............................................................................. 32
3.2.4 SPR measurements .......................................................... 33
3.2.5 Electrochemical measurements ............................................................................... 33
3.2.5.1 Measurements with cytochrome c in solution..................................... 34
3.2.5.2 Measurements with adsorbed cytochrome c .......................34
V Table of Contents
3.2.5.3 Construction and usage of the superoxide sensor electrodes ....... 35
3.2.5.4 Reaction of cytochrome c with sulfite oxidase and bilirubin
oxidase in solution ........................................................................................... 35
3.2.5.5 Construction of the cyt c / BOD multilayer electrodes .........