Expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta, aromatase, steroid sulfatase and estrogen sulfotransferase in testes of immature and mature boars [Elektronische Ressource] / by Mutembei, Henry M'Ikiugu

Informations

• Publié par: justus-liebig-universitat_giessen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 14
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

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EXPRESSION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS ALPHA
AND BETA, AROMATASE, STEROID SULFATASE
AND ESTROGEN SULFOTRANSFERASE IN
TESTES OF IMMATURE AND MATURE BOARS
HENRY M'IKIUGU MUTEMBEI
INAUGURAL DISSERTATION
submitted to the Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine in partial
édition scientifique fulfillment of the requirements
VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG
for the PhD-Degree of the Faculties
VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG ISBN 3-8359-5079-7 of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine
STAUFENBERGRING 15
D-35396 GIESSEN of the Justus Liebig University Giessen
Tel: [phone] Fax: -5599890
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édition scientifique
VVB VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG
HENRY M'IKIUGU MUTEMBEI ESTROGENS AND THE BOAR TESTISDas Werk ist in allen seinen Teilen urheberrechtlich geschützt.
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édition scientifique
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Expression of Estrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta, Aromatase,
Steroid Sulfatase and Estrogen Sulfotransferase in Testes of
Immature and Mature Boars





Inaugural Dissertation
submitted to the
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the PhD-Degree
of the Faculties of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine
of the Justus Liebig University Giessen



by


Mutembei, Henry M’Ikiugu
of
Meru, Kenya



Giessen 2006From the of Clinic of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology for Small and Large
Animals with Ambulatory Service
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen
Professur for Physiologie und Pathologie der Fortpflanzung II
Prof. Dr. Dr. hc Bernd Hoffmann








First Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c Bernd Hoffmann
Second Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvira Hinsch







Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c Bernd Hoffmann (Internal Thesis Examiner)
Committee Member: Prof. Dr. Dr. Ralf Einspanier (External Thesis Examiner)
Other committee Members: Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans Michael Piper (Chairman of Oral Panel),
Prof. Dr. Klaus Steger (Committee member) and Mr. Lambert Stamer (Secretary)





stDate of Doctoral Defense: 1 September 2006 DECLARATIONS






“I declare that I have completed this dissertation single-handedly without the
unauthorized help of a second party and only with the assistance acknowledged therein. I
have appropriately acknowledged and referenced all text passages that are derived literally
from or are based on the content of published or unpublished work of others, and all
information that relates to verbal communications. I have abided by the principles of good
scientific conduct laid down in the charter of the Justus Liebig University of Giessen in
carrying out the investigations described in the dissertation.”


Mutembei Henry M’Ikiugu
DEDICATIONS

TO MY WIFE MARY, AND MY KIDS, RON AND SHEILA

You all continuously showed me great love, patience, tolerance and understanding during
the entire period of our separation for this study. While each of these will be cherished
separately, they will be carried in my heart forever.
&
TO MY LATE BROTHER FRANCIS

Francis tirelessly stood by us since our daddy’s death in January 1984. He continuously
showed us kindness and compassion until his untimely demise in July 2005. May his soul
rest in peace and since history reminds us how little we know of those who came before us,
I will try to gather and preserve his legacy.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................... 1
LIST OF FIGURES............. 4
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................... 7
LIST OF ANNEXES........... 8
LIST OF IMPORTANT ABBREVIATIONS................................................................... 9
1. INTRODUCTION ................................... 11
2. LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................... 13
2.1 Anatomy and histology of the boar testis......................... 13
2.1.1 Location and gross morphology of the boar testis....................................... 13
2.1.2 Vascular supply and innervations ............................................................... 15
2.1.3 Temperature regulating system................................... 16
2.1.4 Brief histology of the boar testis.. 16
2.1.4.1 General histology .................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.4.2 Sertoli cells.............................. 17
2.1.4.3 Leydig cells 19
2.1.4.4 Spermatogonia......................... 20
2.1.4.5 Primary spermatocytes ............................................................................................................ 20
2.1.4.6 Secondary spermatocytes......... 20
2.1.4.7 Spermatids ............................................................... 21
2.1.4.8 Spermatozoon.......................................................................................... 21
2.1.4.9 Lamina propria........................ 22
2.2 Testicular and ductal system development and function............................... 22
2.2.1 Fetal period ................................................................................................................................. 22
2.2.2 Post natal and mature period...... 25
2.2.3 Spermatogenesis in the boar........ 26
2.2.3.1 Spermatogoniogenesis, stem cell renewal and spermatocytogenesis...... 27
2.2.3.2 Spermiogenesis........................................................................................................................ 28
2.2.3.3 Spermatogenic cycle, stage and wave...................... 29
2.2.3.4 Stages of spermatogenesis in the boar..................... 30
2.2.3.5 Sperm release (spermiation) and maturation.......................................................................... 36
2.2.3.6 Rate of sperm production in the boar...................... 36
2.3 Neuroendocrine regulation of spermatogenesis.............. 36
2.3.1 Sertoli-Germ cell interaction....................................................................................................... 36
2.3.2 LH, FSH, Testosterone................ 37
2.3.3 Estrogens ..................................... 37
2.4 Steroid hormones and their mechanisms of actions ....................................................................... 40
2.4.1 Overview on steroid hormones .................................... 40
2.4.2 Steroid hormone receptors and induction of transcription.......................... 42
2.4.3 Testicular steroid hormone synthesis................................ 45
2.5 Estrogen receptors (ERs) and their expression in the testis and epididymis................................ 48 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.6 Functions of estrogen in the epididymis and testis ......................................................................... 50
2.7 Aims and objectives of the study ...................................... 52
2.7.1 Aim............................................... 52
2.7.2 Objectives.................................................................... 52
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................ 53
3.1 Tissue Collection and Sample Preparation..................... 53
3.1.1 Experimental animals and design................................ 53
3.1.2 Sample collection and tissue preservation................................................... 53
3.2 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) .......................................................................... 54
3.2.1 Slide preparation......................... 54
3.2.2 Staining procedure...................................................... 54
3.2.3 Quantitative Evaluation of Positive Cells.................................................... 56
3.3 In vitro reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)............ 56
3.3.1 RNA isolation............................................................................................................................... 56
3.3.1.1 Extraction procedure...............................