Finite elements/ boundary elements for electromagnetic interface problems, especially the skin effect [Elektronische Ressource] / Jorge Eliécer Ospino Portillo

Jorge Eliecer Ospino Portillo

Sujets

• Mathematics

Informations

• Publié par: gottfried_wilhelm_leibniz_universitat_hannover
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 32
• Langue: English

Extrait

Finite elements/boundary
elements for electromagnetic
interface problems,
especially the skin effect
Von der Fakulta¨t fu¨r Mathematik und Physik
der Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit¨at Hannover
zur Erlangung des Grades
Doktor der Naturwissenschaften
Dr. rer. nat.
genehmigte Dissertation
von
M. Sc. Jorge Eli´ecer Ospino Portillo
geboren am 21. August 1966 in El Banco / Kolumbien
2011Referent: Prof. Dr. E. P. Stephan. Leibniz Universit¨at Hannover.
Korreferent: PD. Dr. M. Maischak. Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK.
Tag der Promotion: 04.02.2011
iiTo Antonia, Valentina, Jesus David and Emmanuel.ivAbstract
This thesis deals with the coupling of finite elements and boundary elements for electro-
3magnetic interface problems, especially the skin effect inR .
The first part (Chapter 1) is dedicated to the study of transmission problems of elec-
tromagnetic waves in materials with strong contrast. We report the ideas which were
developed by MacCamy and Stephan [30, 31], who consider the scattering of time-
periodic electromagnetic fields by metallic obstacles, the eddy current problem. In this
interface problem different sets of Maxwell equations must be solved in the obstacle
and outside, while the tangential components of both electric and magnetic fields are
continuous across the obstacle surface. We present two solution procedures.One is an
asymptotic procedure which applies for large conductivity and reflects the skin effect
in metals. This asymptotic procedure gives for the computation of the solution of the
transmission problem a great reduction in complexity since it involves solving only the
exterior boundary value problem (perfect conductor problem). The latter is solved nu-
merically by the boundary element method. We give numerical experiments which show
the efficiency of this procedure. The other solution procedure is a new coupling method
with finite elements and boundary elements which allows the use of standard, conform-
ing test and trial functions which are easy to implement.
In the second part (Chapters 2, 3, 4) we consider two different problems in the whole
3spaceR , the scalar and the electromagnetic transmission problems. For both problems
we prove a priori estimates. We calculate the terms of an asymptotic expansion of the
electrical field and study its convergence. The ideas of this part are based on those of
Peron [42], who considered a bounded exterior domain, while we extend his results to
the case of an unbounded exterior domain. For this extension we use Beppo-Levi spaces
with weights at infinity.
The third part (Chapter 5) is concerned with a non-conforming fem/bem coupling to
solve the two-dimensional eddy current problem for the time harmonic Maxwell’s equa-
tions. WeuseCrouzeix-Raviart elements intheinterior domainandpiecewise linear and
piecewise constant boundary elements on the interface boundary.
Keywords. Skin effect, scalar and electromagnetic transmission problems, asymptotic
expansion, non-conforming FEM/BEM coupling.
vZusammenfassung
Diese Arbeit behandelt die Kopplung von finiten Elementen und Randelementen fu¨r
3elektromagnetische Transmissionsprobleme, insbesondere den Skin-Effekt imR .
Der erste Teil (Kapitel 1) ist der Analyse von Transmissionsproblemen von elektromag-
netischen Wellen in Materialien mit starkem Kontrast gewidmet. Wir wiederholen die
Ideen, die von MacCamy und Stephan entwickelt wurden [30, 31]. Sie betrachten die
Streuung der zeitperiodischen elektromagnetischen Felder verursacht durch metallische
Hindernisse, das sogenannte Wirbelstromproblem. In diesem Interface-Problem mu¨ssen
verschiedene Maxwell-Gleichungen einmal im Hindernis und einmal außerhalb gel¨ost
werden, wobei die Tangentialkomponenten der beiden elektrischen und magnetischen
Felder stetig u¨ber die Oberfla¨che des Hindernisses sind. Wir betrachten ein asympto-
tisches Verfahren, das fu¨r große Leitf¨ahigkeit gu¨ltig ist und den Skin-Effekt im Met-
all beru¨cksichtigt. Das asymptotische Verfahren reduziert die Komplexita¨t des Aus-
gangsproblems, da jetzt nur noch das a¨ußere Randwertproblem gel¨ost werden muss.
Dieses l¨osen wir numerisch mit der Randelementmethode. Unsere numerischen Exper-
imente zeigen die Effizienz des Verfahrens. Des weiteren leiten wir eine neue Finite
Elemente/Randelement-Kopplungsmethode fu¨r das Transmissionsproblems her, die er-
laubt stu¨ckweise lineare sowie stu¨ckweise konstante Ansatzfunktion im Innengebiet und
auf dem Rand zu benutzen.
Im zweiten Teil (Kapitel 2, 3, 4) betrachten wir zwei verschiedene Probleme u¨ber dem
3 ¨ganzen RaumR , das skalare und das elektromagnetische Ubertragungsproblem. Fu¨r
beide Probleme beweisen wir jeweils eine a priori Absch¨atzung. Wir berechnen die
Terme einer asymptotischen Entwicklung des elektrischen Feldes und untersuchen ihre
Konvergenz. Die Ideen aus diesem Teil basieren auf der Arbeit von Peron [42], der ein
beschra¨nktes Außengebiet betrachtet, wa¨hrend wir seine Ergebnisse fu¨r den Fall eines
unbeschra¨nkten Außengebiets erweitern. Fu¨r diese Erweiterung benutzen wir Beppo-
Levi-Ra¨ume mit Gewicht im Unendlichen.
Im dritten Teil (Kapitel 5) wird das zweidimensionale Wirbelstromproblem fu¨r die zeit-
harmonischenMaxwell-GleichungenmiteinerKopplungvonnicht-konformenFinitenEl-
ementen undRandelementmethoden gel¨ost. WirnehmenCrouzeix-Raviart-Elemente im
¨Innengebietundstw. linearesowiestw. konstanteRandelementeaufdemUbergangsrand.
Unsere numerischen Experimente zeigen die Effizienz dieser FEM/BEM Kopplung.
¨Schlagw¨orter. Skin-Effekt, skalare und elektromagnetische Ubertragungsprobleme,
asymptotische Entwicklung, nicht-konforme FEM/BEM Kopplung.
viAcknowledgements
I would like to begin by expressing my thanks to my advisor Prof. Dr. Ernst P. Stephan
for suggesting the topic of my thesis. Your support, constant motivation, disposition
and patience given to me in the development of this project was really invaluable.
I would also like to thank to PD. Dr. Matthias Maischak for his support and help to
numerical implementation needed of my research, in his program package Maiprogs.
I would like to thank my colleagues from our working group “Numerical analysis” at
the Institut for Applied Mathematic of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit¨at Han-
nover, especially to Dr. Florian Leydecker for proof reading my research, Lothar Banz
and Zouhair Nezhi for their help with regard to programming.
Furthermore, I also would like to thank to the whole staff at the Institute for Applied
Mathematics of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit¨at Hannover, especially to Mrs.
Carmen Gatzen, Mrs. Ulla Fleischhauer and Mrs. Angelika Peine for their colaboration
during these years.
My deepest gratitude to my wife Antonia and our three children Valentina, Jesus David
and Emmanuel, for their patience and understanding and for always encouraging and
believing in me. I am also thankful to our families and friends in Colombia for all their
support.
ThisprojectwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupportoftheProgramALECOL-
DAAD-UNIVERSIDADDELNORTE-Barranquilla-ColombiathatprovidedmethePh.D.
scholarships.
Jorge Eli´ecer Ospino Portillo
viiviiiContents
Introduction 1
1 Asymptotic expansion for large conductivity, skin effect and boundary ele-
ment computations 3
1.1 Asymptotic expansion for large conductivity and skin effect . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Boundary integral equation method of the first kind . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3 FEM/BEM coupling for the interface problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4 Galerkin procedure for the perfect conductor problem (P ) . . . . . . . 15α∞
1.5 Numerical experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
32 Transmission problem for the Laplacian with a parameter inR 29
2.1 A scalar transmission problem in weighted spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2 A priori estimate in weighted spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3 Electromagnetic transmission problem for large conductivity - Analysis in
weighted Sobolev spaces 43
33.1 The electromagnetic transmission problem inR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
33.2 Uniform a priori estimate of the electrical field inR . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.3 Mathematical tools: Decomposition of vector fields and compact embed-
dings in weighted spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4 Asymptotic expansion for large conductivity - Revisited 65
4.1 Asymptotic expansion - Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.2 Convergence of the asymptotic expansion of the electrical field . . . . . . 69
5 Non-conforming FE/BE coupling for a two-dimensional eddy current prob-
lem 77
5.1 Non-conforming finite element method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.2 The coupling of non-conforming finite element and boundary element
methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.3 Numerical examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Bibliography 99
ixx