Functional characterization of a putative Plasmodium falciparum calcium-hydrogen antiporter pfcha [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Wendyam Armand Guiguemde

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Informations

• Publié par: ruprecht-karls-universitat_heidelberg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 27
• Langue: English

Extrait

INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION



zur
Erlangung der Doktorwürde
der
Naturwissenschaftlich-Mathematischen Gesamtfakultät
der
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität
Heidelberg







vorgelegt von
Wendyam Armand GUIGUEMDE
aus Bordeaux (FRANKREICH)


Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 25. November 2005




Thema


Functional characterization of a putative Plasmodium
falciparum calcium/hydrogen antiporter pfcha










Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Lanzer
Prof. Dr. Heiner Schirmer

Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde am Hygiene-Institut, Abteilung Parasitologie,
Heidelberg in der Zeit von März 2001 bis September 2005 unter der Leitung von
Prof. Dr. Michael Lanzer durchgeführt.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am very thankful to Prof. Dr. Lanzer for having given me the chance to work in his
laboratory, for his patience, his constant encouragements and support.

I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Schirmer for his generosity, his kindness, his
approachability and modesty despite the vast knowledge he has. Thank you Prof.
Schirmer.

Special thanks to Dr. Cecilia Sanchez who had the hard job to teach a neophyte the
molecular biology techniques and to Dr. Susanne Nessler for her help with the
oocytes. A special mention to Elisabeth for her willingness to help in the lab.

A “polite” thank to Dr. Jeremy Mclean for his help to review the manuscript of my
thesis and also for the nice scientific discussions.

To my colleagues and friends of my group “dangerous” thanks for the nice
atmosphere in the lab: Judith (S), Elise (3), Kathrin (AM), Jude, Weidong, Yvonne,
Hannes, Tim, Philipp, Theodora, Marina.

Thanks to the colleagues from Nouna with a special attention to Dr. Bocar Kouyaté,
Dr. Boubacar Coulibaly and Yazoumé for their collaboration.

Lastly, I would like to thank my parents and brothers for their love and support.
Abbreviations

ABBREVIATIONS

°C Celsius
μCi Microcuries
μg Microgramm
μl Microliter
μM Micromolar
3D7 Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7
A Adenine
aa Amino acid
Ab Antibody
ADH Aldehyde deshydrogenase
Amp Ampicillin
APS Ammonium persulphate
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
b Base
Bis-AA N´, N´-Methylene -bisacrylamide
bp Base pairs
BSA Bovine serum albumin
CAX Calcium exchanger
CDC Center for disease control
cDNA Complementary DNA
Cfu Colonies forming unit
Ci Curie
cm Centimeter
CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
CQ Chloroquine
CQR Chloroquine resistance
CQS Chloroquine sensitive
cRNA Complementary RNA
D Dalton
DEPC Diethylpyrocarbonate
DIW Deionized water
DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide
I Abbreviations

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNase Desoxyribonuclease
dNTP Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate
dsDNA Double stranded DNA
DTT Dithiothreitol
E. coli Escherichia coli
EDTA Ethylene diaminotetraacetate
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
EtOH Ethanol
g Gram or gravitational force
G Guanine
g/l gram per liter
GFP Green Fluorescent Protein
GPI Glycosylphosphatidylinisotol
GSH Glutathion
h Hour
HEPES 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-
piperazineethanesulfonic acid
ICAM Intercellular adhesion molecule
IFA Indirect immunofluorescence assay
IFN Interferon
Ig Immunoglobulin
K Lysin
kb Kilobase pair
kD Kilodalton
KPi Inorganic phosphate potassium salt
Krpm Thousand rounds per minute
l Liter
LB-Medium Luria-Broth-Medium
LiAc Lithium Acetate
m Meter
M Molar
mA Milliampere
MACS Magnetic activated cell sorter
II Abbreviations

MES Morpholineethanesulfonic acid
mg Milligram
min Minute
ml Milliliter
mM Millimolar
mRNA Messenger RNA
mV Millivolt
MW Molecular weight
n Nano
NaN Sodium azide 3
NEB New England Biolabs
nt Nucleotide
NTP Nucleoside triphosphate
O/N Over night
OD Optical density
p Pico
P. falciparum Plasmodium falciparum
PAGE Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
PBS Phosphate buffered saline
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
PEG Polyethylene glycol
PFA Paraformaldehyde
PfCRT P. falciparum Chloroquine Resistance
Transporter (Protein)
PfEMP-1 Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte
membrane protein 1
pfmdr-1 P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1
pH „potentia hydrogenii“
POD Peroxidase
PRBC P. falciparum infected red blood cell
RBC Red blood cell
RNA Ribonucleic acid
RNase A Ribonuclease A
RPM Revolutions per Minute
III Abbreviations

RPMI Rosewell Park Memorial Institute
RT Room temperature
s Second
S Serine
S. cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae
SDS Sodium dodecylsulphate
ß-ME ß Mercaptoethanol
T Thymine
TAE Tris/Acetate/EDTA
Taq Thermus aquaticus
TE Tris/EDTA
TEA Triethanolamine
TEMED Triethylmethylethyldiamine
TM Transmembrane domain
Tris Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane
U Units
UV Ultraviolet
V Volt
Vol Volume
X. laevis Xenopus laevis
YNB Yeast nitrogen base
YPD Yeast peptone dextrose


IV Table of contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................V
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1
1.1 Malaria ..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 History of malaria.................................................................................................................1
1.1.2 The Plasmodium life cycle ..................................................................................................2
1.1.3 Clinical features and pathogenicity ...................................................................................5
1.1.3.1 Clinical symptoms ........................................................................................................5
1.1.3.2 The pathogenic basis of malaria .................................................................................6
1.1.4 Chemotherapy ......................................................................................................................7
1.1.4.1 Mode of action of antimalarial drugs......................................................................7
1.1.4.1.1 Quinolines..........................................................................................................7
1.1.4.1.2 Folic Acid Antagonists .....................................................................................7
1.1.4.1.3 Hydroxynaphthoquinones................................................................................8
1.1.4.1.4 Artemisinins.......................................................................................................8
1.1.4.2 Mechanism of resistance.........................................................................................8
1.1.4.2.1 Chloroquine .......................................................................................................8
1.1.4.2.2 Other antimalarials............................................................................................9
1.2 The calcium homeostasis.........................................................................................................10
1.2.1 General overview ...............................................................................................................10
1.2.2 In P. falciparum...................................................................................................................12
1.3 Aim of the study.........................................................................................................................17
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS................................................................................18
2.1 Material .......................................................................................................................................18
2.1.1 Laboratory equipment .......................................................................................................18
2.1.2 Disposables ........................................................................