Functional morphology in aculeate Hymenoptera: unique glands and buffered brains [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Wolfgang Göttler

Wolfgang Göttler

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_regensburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 34
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 24 Mo

Extrait

Functional morphology in aculeate Hymenoptera:
Unique glands and buffered brains
Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften
(Dr. rer. nat.) der naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät III –
Biologie und vorklinische Medizin der Universität Regensburg
vorgelegt von

Wolfgang Göttler
aus Rauenzell

Juni 2008


















Promotionsgesuch eingereicht am 18.06.2008
Die Arbeit wurde angeleitet von Prof. Dr. Erhard Strohm
Vorsitzender der Prüfungsausschusses: Prof. Dr. Stephan Schneuwly

1. Gutachter/Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Erhard Strohm
2. Gutachter/Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Georg Krohne
3. Prüferin: Prof. Dr. Charlotte Förster
Evolution nennen wir das ewige Stolpern der Natur über Irrtümer hinweg zu letztlich phantastischen
Ergebnissen.

Prof. Querulix, (*1946),
deutscher Aphoristiker und Satiriker

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS


LIST OF PUBLICATIONS....................................................................................................................... 7


CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 9
1.1 Exocrine glands and their products............................................................................... 10
1.1.1 Postpharyngeal glands and nestmate recognition.............................................. 11
1.1.2 Male cephalic glands and pheromones.............................................................. 12
1.1.3 Antennal glands in Hymenoptera...................................................................... 13
1.2 Insect-bacteria symbiosis................................................................................................ 13
1.3 The European beewolf, Philanthus triangulum............................................................. 15
1.3.1 Systematic and distribution ............................................................................... 15
1.3.2 Female European beewolves............................................................................. 15
1.3.3 Male European beewolves ................................................................................ 17
1.4 Temperature-dependent brain plasticity ...................................................................... 18
1.5 The Red Mason bee, Osmia bicornis .............................................................................. 19
1.6 Outline of the thesis......................................................................................................... 20
1.6.1 Antennal glands and bacterial symbionts.......................................................... 20
1.6.2 Cephalic glands of the European beewolf......................................................... 20
1.6.3 Temperature-effects on the brain of the Red Mason bee .................................. 21
1.7 References ........................................................................................................................ 22


CHAPTER 2: MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A BACTERIA CULTIVATION ORGAN:
THE ANTENNAL GLANDS OF FEMALE EUROPEAN BEEWOLVES,
PHILANTHUS TRIANGULUM (HYMENOPTERA, CRABRONIDAE)...................................... 29
2.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 29
2.2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 30
2.3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................... 31
2.3.1 Specimens.......................................................................................................... 31
2.3.2 Semithin sections and 3D-reconstruction.......................................................... 31
2.3.3 Electron microscopy.......................................................................................... 32
2.4 Results .............................................................................................................................. 32
2.4.1 Overall morphology .......................................................................................... 32
2.4.2 Ultrastructure..................................................................................................... 35
2.4.3 Reservoir contents............................................................................................. 37
2.5 Discussion......................................................................................................................... 38
2.6 References ........................................................................................................................ 42


CHAPTER 3: SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA PROTECT WASP LARVAE FROM FUNGAL INFESTATION 45
3.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 45
3.2 Results and Discussion .................................................................................................... 46
3.3 Methods............................................................................................................................ 52
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.3.1 PCR and sequencing.......................................................................................... 52
3.3.2 Phylogenetic analysis ........................................................................................ 52
3.3.3 FISH .................................................................................................................. 52
3.3.4 Fungal infestation bioassays with beewolf cocoons.......................................... 53
3.3.5 Survival of larvae with and without white substance........................................ 53
3.4 References ........................................................................................................................ 55


CHAPTER 4: ‘CANDIDATUS STREPTOMYCES PHILANTHI’, AN ENDOSYMBIOTIC
STREPTOMYCETE IN THE ANTENNAE OF PHILANTHUS DIGGER WASPS........................ 57
4.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 57
4.2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 58
4.3 Methods............................................................................................................................ 59
4.3.1 Specimens ......................................................................................................... 59
4.3.2 Electron microscopy.......................................................................................... 59
4.3.3 DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing.............................................................. 59
4.3.4 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ........................................................ 60
4.3.5 Phylogenetic analysis ........................................................................................ 61
4.4 Results .............................................................................................................................. 61
4.4.1 Localization of endosymbionts ......................................................................... 61
4.4.2 Distribution of symbionts among philanthine wasps ........................................ 63
4.4.3 Phylogenetic position of ‘Candidatus Streptomyces philanthi’........................ 66
4.5 Discussion......................................................................................................................... 66
4.6 Description of ‘Candidatus Streptomyces philanthi’.................................................... 68
4.7 Online supplementary data ............................................................................................ 69
4.8 References ........................................................................................................................ 72



CHAPTER 5: POPULATION DYNAMICS OF A PROTECTIVE INSECT SYMBIONT REVEAL SEVERE
BOTTLENECKS DURING VERTICAL TRANSMISSION ......................................................... 75
5.1 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 75
5.2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 76
5.3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................... 78
5.3.1 Beewolf specimens............................................................................................ 78
5.3.2 Semithin sections and 3D-reconstruction.......................................................... 78
5.3.3 Measurements of reservoir and bacterial volumes ............................................ 78
5.3.4 Calculation of bacterial cell number ................................................................. 79