Grain boundary structure and element transport processes studied at the nm-scale using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Katharina Marquardt (neé Hartmann)
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Grain boundary structure and element transport processes studied at the nm-scale using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Katharina Marquardt (neé Hartmann)

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wissenscGrainProf.BoundaryrStructurehimandnat.Elemennat.thTrer.ranspDorthProProfcessesGutacStudiedWilhelmatDr.thehnm-ScaleWirthUsinghe:TDr.ransmissionDissertationElectronVMicroscoptzyDr.(TEM)Fvteorgelegtrer.vhonr:Dipl.nat.Min.eKatharinar:MarquardtRic(ne?agHartmann)henausBerlinBerlinhaftenVrer.ongenehmigtederPromotionsausscFuss:akulot?tsiVIender:-.Plarer.neGerhardnranzBauenhUmr:wDr.eltnat.-HeinricderGutacTteecProf.hniscrer.henHans-JoacUnivKleebersit?tGutacBerlintezurDr.Erlangungnat.deshardakTademiscderhenhaftlicGradeAusspracs19.07.2010Doktor2010der83NaturwissenscΣ.1tsConbinedten.tsySummaryolume4BoundaryZusammenfassung.8Boundary12.2In.troMiniaturizedduction.12.1.1MGrain.Boundariesy.y...A.....Yttrium...Width.........to.....Results.SynCONTENTS.G.Structure.....of.erimen.Analysis.....Grain.Exp.at13.1.1.1.GrainEectivBoundaryusionStructure..1.2.2...........25.tho.Diusion.........29.Discussion.32.ne.(210)/[100].Y.abricated13Bonding1.1.2StabiliDescription.of.Grain.Boundaries..olume.in.Thin-lm.and............37.and.iusi.ts.minium.K:..16.1.1.3.A2.4butondanceGrainofDGrain.Boundaries....23.Grain.Diusion.....................1.2.3.e.ds19Study1.1.4.M.e.tho.ds.to.Syn.thesize.Grain.Boundaries..2.and.(S.nergy).2.1.thetic.ar.5.Grain.in.A.F21b1.2DirectDiusion.and.t...............33.V.Diusion.Ytterbium.Y.G:.Exp.ts.Com.TEM.RBS.......................2.3.Boundary.V23D1.2.1onVerimenolumeinDiusionAlu-.Garnet.1723.A.Study...........41.Insigh.in.the.e.Boundary.for.i.....46.Σ.2.3.

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Publié par
Publié le 01 janvier 2010
Nombre de lectures 5
Poids de l'ouvrage 63 Mo

Extrait

wissenscGrainProf.BoundaryrStructurehimandnat.Elemennat.thTrer.ranspDorthProProfcessesGutacStudiedWilhelmatDr.thehnm-ScaleWirthUsinghe:TDr.ransmissionDissertationElectronVMicroscoptzyDr.(TEM)Fvteorgelegtrer.vhonr:Dipl.nat.Min.eKatharinar:MarquardtRic(ne?agHartmann)henausBerlinBerlinhaftenVrer.ongenehmigtederPromotionsausscFuss:akulot?tsiVIender:-.Plarer.neGerhardnranzBauenhUmr:wDr.eltnat.-HeinricderGutacTteecProf.hniscrer.henHans-JoacUnivKleebersit?tGutacBerlintezurDr.Erlangungnat.deshardakTademiscderhenhaftlicGradeAusspracs19.07.2010Doktor2010der83NaturwissenscΣ
.1tsConbinedten.tsySummaryolume4BoundaryZusammenfassung.8Boundary12.2In.troMiniaturizedduction.12.1.1MGrain.Boundariesy.y...A.....Yttrium...Width.........to.....Results.SynCONTENTS.G.Structure.....of.erimen.Analysis.....Grain.Exp.at13.1.1.1.GrainEectivBoundaryusionStructure..1.2.2...........25.tho.Diusion.........29.Discussion.32.ne.(210)/[100].Y.abricated13Bonding1.1.2StabiliDescription.of.Grain.Boundaries..olume.in.Thin-lm.and............37.and.iusi.ts.minium.K:..16.1.1.3.A2.4butondanceGrainofDGrain.Boundaries....23.Grain.Diusion.....................1.2.3.e.ds19Study1.1.4.M.e.tho.ds.to.Syn.thesize.Grain.Boundaries..2.and.(S.nergy).2.1.thetic.ar.5.Grain.in.A.F21b1.2DirectDiusion.and.t...............33.V.Diusion.Ytterbium.Y.G:.Exp.ts.Com.TEM.RBS.......................2.3.Boundary.V23D1.2.1onVerimenolumeinDiusionAlu-.Garnet.1723.A.Study...........41.Insigh.in.the.e.Boundary.for.i.....46.Σ
.2.3.Complete.Man.uscriptsInsigh51.3.1ASyn.thetic.ne.ar.CONTENTS.ds5.(210)/[100]VGrainABoundary.in.Y.ANG.F.abricated.b.y.Direct.Bonding..Structure.and.Stabiliint.y........and.......Grain.....ok...Boundary..53.3.1.1troA.bstMract..........Conclusi.......3.3.on.Garnet.............tro.......M.......erimen.......al53.3.1.2DiscussionIn.tro.duction..Conclusi.......the.i.A.........................Exp.............87..53.3.1.3.M.e.tho.ds....Boundary.D.erimen.Alu-.1723.Study.....92.ract...............3.3.2...............92.ri.ds..58.3.1.4.Results....3.3.4.Results...........98.ri.delling.Diusion...103...............108.and...........110.in.e60for3.1.5.Discussion113.ract...............3.4.2...............113.ri...............115.tal....64.3.1.6.Conclusi.on................3.2.6.on.............................89.Grain.and.olume.iusi.Exp69ts3.2YttriumVminiumolumeatDiusionK:ofMiniaturizedYtterbium.in.Y.A.G:.Thin-lm.Exp3.3.1erimenbstts.and.Com.bined.TEM..RBS.Analysis................92.In.duction......................72.3.2.1.A.bst3.3.3ractate.als.Metho.......................95.Exp.tal.........................3.3.5.ume72c3.2.2MoInoftroBoundaryduction........3.3.6...............................3.3.7.on.Outlo............73.3.2.3.M.ate.ri.als3.4andtsMethotodsEectiv.Grain.Width.D.usion.....3.4.1.bst............................75.3.2.4113ResultsIn.duction.............................3.4.3.ate.al..........................83.3.2.5.Discussion3.4.4.erimen.Metho.......................115..CONTENTS.3.3.4.5.Results..........Eigenan.......152...158.....Angab..................................123.3.4.6zDiscussion..............Curriculum.................he..........................124.3.4.7.Conclusi.on....147.en.um.teil...........................149.vitae..................126.4.Outlo.ok.127.Bibliograph.y.131EidesstattlicAppErkl?rungendix.146.Danksagung.........................SummaryCONTENTS4Σ
electron5thatGrainwithbharacoundariesanalyticalcause,marktempedlyThedieringsomephdiusionysicaldata.andycellhemicalneededpropmisorienertieswingofthesizepandolycrystallinehmaterialseinhescomparisonaretocompletethehapteridryttriumconstitutivmelt-emaximsingleandcoundaryrystalthesiss.tsThemethounderstandingaries.ofofgrainducesbdiusionoundarytrelatedfromprots.cesseserviewandtallytheirofrelationinto3thehgrainrstb),oundaries'directstructuraltopropgrainertiesndishanaakgrainey.cthesizedhallengeeintoCONTENTSvbariousjectscien)ticfusiondisccouplediasplines,toincludingbgeosciences,1.2materialsaspscience,tandncmosthemistryto.n,Theusequanderivticationecienoforatoryele-emensectiontodiusionstandardratesexpalongegrainmainbyoundariesandishapterofcparticulartainsinuscripts,terest,frombInecauseofit(isshooftenwseondingvideallyeralthesizeorderssynofoundariesmagnitudegarnet.fasterannealithanhigheritsofcountempterparturethroughobtaintoundaryhestabilitgrain'sthoroughlyvtheolumebandthethslighuswithgopvgrainernstheastrncondummbhaptereratofthin-lmphxpysico-cbhemicaltransmissiproycesses.standardDespitedsthesynpivgrainotalound-roleChapteroftreatsgraingeneralbectsoundaries,elementodiusiondaiy'stroknothewledgecommononsolutionsgtherequatioawhicinarebdound-oaryestructurecoandtsitslabrelationexptorimnnumerousThisphenomena,endsincludingangrainvbofoundaryapproacdiusion,toiserimenonlyderivfragmendiusiontaryThe.resultsThismwthesisorksummarizedaimsdiscussedtocpro2videwhereasahapterfeasibleconandtheconsistenmantwhicapproacemergedhmtothesis.studythethepartrelationcb2et2.1wIeenwstructuretheandaferelemenbtmethodiusionisinsuitedbsynothwthedenedgrain'stheticvbolumeinandaluminiumalongIwthatellngceraturesharactterised60%singlethegrainingberoundariestonarethetonm-scale.aInbcwithhapterum1.1y,IIcproterizevidesynagraingeneraloundariesindiscusstroinuencductionoftotthetationsstructureregardandaproperfecterties5ofbgrainonbgrainoundaries,oundaryIucture.mensetionprotheofcommonlyyused(cgeometrical2.2moaimeddelshotothatdescribdif-eegrainerimenbcanoundaries,eandwithIonbrieymicroscopin(TEM)troducesynCONTENTSin6oundarythemonitoranalyticalbtoIoletowquansmall-scaletifythediusionmoratesheinhighyttriumraloutuminiumfourgarnet.miniaturizedIoevaddition,alu-diu-atewtheerimeninuenceresolutionofdiusion,crheologicalrystalbinationlisationofofthattheandinitihiallydiusionamorphousthatthin-lm,comthemediusanwtvsource,theonvthepropaandpnpltailoricabilitdescriby(cofTEMaandcommonlybusedaanalyticaldesolutioncesses.tocaltheicediusiontheequation.diusionAoundarynareumericalgrainmotodelthanisbigdevtitativeloptheedytoofextractativthendiusionecotsecenistsuitedthatbac-andcoundiusiontssample.forprotheinformationobservendenedoftime-deptendengraintThesestructulralusedpropnertiesthatofourthesetting.thin-lm.2.4IerformedshoatwdirectlythatharacterizecctiveharacterizationwidthofhtheeydiusaneraltdiusionalsourceoisuseofTEMminamjorcimptoortancewtoYdeterminethetinheIvtecolumecapablediusioneecooundaryecienthatt,ebtimesecauseassumed.theisbaheadehaaviourunderstandingofcessesthescale.diusanoftshosourcecomdenescthebbeoundarybinatioconditionsofthatexpneriedntoandbanalysiseoutstandinglyimplemenelltedtinstudytheothmoolumedelling/ttinggrainofoundarytheondiusionsameprole.InITEMcomparevidesthealuableresultsonoftime-depthistnewertiesapproacthehsantosourcemeasurementhetsbthatstructure.IadditiopaerformedinformationsusingereRutherfordtoBacakscattering,umericalwhicdelhadequatelyisesanexpestablishedtaltecFinallyhniquehapterto),acquirepdiusionaproles.studyInatomicthetofollodeterminewingcsectiont(ceehaptergrain2.3oundary),forIwhicpiserformedkgrainparameterbsevoequationsunscribingdaorrpry-diusionIex-dpresolutionerimenfotsseries,oncomthewithsynultisltheticandgrainhemically-sensitivbZ-imaging,oundaryimage,narrowhiczonehenhancedIbcalongharacterizedginacbhapter.2.1conclude,thesebhniquesyindeedusitongthethectivesamebexpwidthendriitmenbtalabpro40cedureslargerandcommonlyanalyticalTtosolsathatstepItoexploredardsinquantheevofolumeprodiusiononstudnanometeryThe(cpartshapterm2.2thesis).wItheshobinationwbithatrystalthisthesisinnoyvwhicCONTENTSh.7hdirectpromisingwinnoaferbbthesisonditong,thisthin-lmaproappliedductionsciencesbendy),pulsedelhealingaseonrstudies,depativosition,proaandbanalysisotherwithindierenmaterials'ttTEMmmohapterdesdiscussisvexceptionallyawcracellcessesuitedistondingsstudyfuturebthisothvveolumepandcgraincanbeoundarytodimaterials,othusiEarthonandonresearctheAatomicthescaleofandydra(cw4impIortanatinnoconclusionsativabwoutytheirstudyrelationktoprothes,mahtbasederialthe'sofstructure.thesis.InZusammenfassungCONTENTS8dellCONTENTStstanden9menDieoraussetzung,cektehemiscamh-phorragendysikscalisczurhen?hnlicEigenscerhaftenKapitelvungonaporngrenzeolykristallinendiskutiereMaterialienKun-1.2terschenheidenosicerdenhorexpdeutlictralenhdievInondiedenYttrium-EigenscalshaftenzudergeEinkristalle,KdurchlichBescdiediesietheseaufge-wicbauttdiusion.sind;hdieungUrsacLabheutztsind?bKDiusi-orngrenzen.tenEinegegebzeneittralekHerausforderungevdaserscer?ehiede-zeigenerbwissenscdenierterhaftlicEineherbDisziplihmelztempnenn,thetiscdarunictercChemie,vGeo-IcundallgemeinMaterialwissenscMhaf-geometriscten,vistundes,Methokorngreorngrenzbor.eeinussteehandeltProzessetigeundEle-dg?ngigstenerenderZusammenhangdiemitzurdenonstruk-tenturellenerEigenscge-haftenerden,derorgestellt.Kkorngrenzeerfahren,zumitvrierstehen.gewinnen,DiedesquanDietitativmeinereiBestimmzusammengefasst.ungManvmeinerontKenorngrenzdiusion3isterstenvtlicon2.1bh,esonderemaferIndeteresse,SyndaorngrenzensiegeeignetuempmrbGr??enordniungenderscisthnellerKistmaximaleralsDieihrnGegenparthabimanscKristalulvEigen-olumenhaftenundonsieorngrenzen.somithvieledascgebr?uchemischsteh-ophzurysikhenahreibunglisconheorngrenzenProzessestellekg?ngigstenondentrolliKenzsynrt.vTKapitelrotzbdereinigezenhtralenAspBedeutungdervmenonDieKanalytiscorngrenzenL?sungenistDiusionsgleicunserung,heutigesgewWissenh?bBestimmervdasDiusionskZusammenspielezienvausonorexpKiorngrenzstrukturtenundnKworngrenzph?nomenen,weinscvhlie?-Einlicerblich?bKStandardvorngrenzdiusion,umnonsdatenurLabobeer?cmenhliczuh.wirdDieEndehierKapitelspr?senen.tiertezenArbErgebnisseeitArbstelltsindeinennk2onsistenDietenomplettenAnsatzuskripte,vausor,ArbderidieenUnsind,tersucth?lthKapitelung.desmeinerZusammenhangsVvnonhStruktur(Kapitelund)Diusion,icsodassw'wohldirectimonding'-MethoKristallvhervolumen,zuralstheseaucKhininAluminium-GranatKist.orngrenzen,Tauferdertunm-ehandlungEbeenemehrerm?gli60%cScheraturt.VInumKapitelorngrenze1.1mitgebStabilit?teerzeugen.icsynhheeineKgenerellenEinf?hrungeinhdhlie?endinaeestensStrukturha-u

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