Influences of speech rate on the acoustic correlates of speech rhythm [Elektronische Ressource] : an experimental study based on acoustic and perceptual evidence / vorgelegt von Volker Dellwo

Volker Dellwo

Informations

• Publié par: rheinische_friedrich-wilhelms-universitat_bonn
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 13
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Influences of speech rate on the acoustic
correlates of speech rhythm: An experimental
phonetic study based on acoustic and
perceptual evidence


Inaugural-Dissertation
zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde
der
Philosophischen Fakultät
der
Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
zu Bonn



vorgelegt
von
Volker Dellwo
aus
Trier




Bonn 2010
Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der
Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.









Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission:
1. Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. Caja Thimm
2. Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Hess
3. Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Schröder
4. Weiteres Mitglied: Prof. Dr. Bernd Möbius

Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.01.2009 TABLE of CONTENT
____________________________________________________________________
1. Introduction 1
1.1. The general idea ........................................................................................... 1
1.2. A new unit for measuring speech rhythm: consonantal & vocalic intervals 3
1.2.1. A definition of consonantal intervals ................................................... 3
1.2.2. A definition of vocalic intervals ........................................................... 4
1.2.3. A note on abbreviations ....................................................................... 5
1.3. The structure of the present work................................................................. 5
1.4. Speech rhythm and the rhythm class hypothesis ......................................... 7
1.5. Speech Rhythm Class Measurements .......................................................... 9
1.5.1. Search for isochrony ............................................................................ 9
1.5.2. Syllable complexity as the driving force in speech rhythm ............... 11
1.5.3. The perception of durational C- and V-interval variability ............... 13
1.6. Speech Rhythm and Speech Rate ............................................................... 14
1.6.1. The idea of a relationship between rhythm and rate .......................... 14
1.6.2. Rate normalization procedures ........................................................... 15
1.6.3. Studies on speech rhythm and rate ..................................................... 17
1.7. Motivations for studying speech rhythm ................................................... 19
2. History of rhythm studies in speech 20
2.1. The history of the concept of rhythm in speech ......................................... 20
2.2. The History of the speech rhythm class hypothesis ................................... 22
2.2.1. The development of the concept of isochrony ................................... 22
2.2.2. The development of the concept of the rhythm class ......................... 23
2.3. Original motivations for studying rhythm in speech ................................. 26 3. Data and data analysis procedures 30
3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 30
3.1.1. Databases for studying speech rhythm ............................................... 30
3.1.2. Applications of BonnTempo .............................................................. 31
3.2. The BonnTempo corpus ............................................................................. 33
3.2.1. Speech material .................................................................................. 33
3.2.2. Phonotactic complexity in the languages under investigation ........... 34
3.2.3. Speakers ............................................................................................. 39
3.2.4. Recording procedure .......................................................................... 41
3.2.5. Labeling ............................................................................................. 42
3.3. Data analysis .............................................................................................. 43
3.3.1. Analysis tools ..................................................................................... 43
3.3.2. Analysis parameters ........................................................................... 44
3.3.3. Units of analysis ................................................................................. 49
4. Rhythm measurements in normally produced speech 52
4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 52
4.2. Method ....................................................................................................... 52
4.3. Comparison of BonnTempo data and previous findings............................ 54
4.3.1. Descriptive analysis ........................................................................... 54
4.3.2. Inferential tests for rhythm class differences ..................................... 56
4.3.3. Conclusions about the data comparison ............................................. 57
4.4. Within- and between rhythm class variability ........................................... 57
4.5. Discussion .................................................................................................. 59
4.6. Conclusions about rhythm measures in normal speech ............................. 62
5. Speech Rate, language, and rhythm class 63
5.1. An appropriate unit for rate measurements ................................................ 64 5.1.1. A comparison between CV- and syllable-rates .................................. 66
5.1.2. Conclusions about CV and syllable rates ........................................... 68
5.2. Intended and measurable speech rate ......................................................... 69
5.2.1. Changes in CV-rate as a function of intended speech tempo ............. 69
5.2.2. Differences within and between languages ........................................ 72
5.3. Differences in speech rate ranges ............................................................... 76
5.4. CV-rate and rhythm class ........................................................................... 77
5.5. Discussion and conclusions on speech rate and rhythm class.................... 79
5.6. Conclusion about speech rate factors in BonnTempo ................................ 80
6. Speech rate influences on rhythm measures 82
6.1. Dependency of rhythmic correlates on speech rate .................................... 82
6.1.1. Method ............................................................................................... 82
6.1.2. Ramus et al. (1999) measures %V and ∆C ........................................ 82
6.1.3. Grabe & Low (2002) measures nPVI and rPVI ................................. 84
6.1.4. Discussion of CV-rate/rhythm measure relationships........................ 85
6.2. Normalizing consonantal measures for rate ............................................... 85
6.3. Normalizing ∆C for rate ............................................................................. 87
6.3.1. Data considerations ............................................................................ 87
6.3.2. Method ............................................................................................... 90
6.3.3. Results & Discussion ......................................................................... 91
6.4. Controlling rPVI for rate ............................................................................ 92
6.4.1. Method ............................................................................................... 92
6.4.2. Results and discussion ....................................................................... 93
6.5. Robustness of rhythm measures across speech rates ................................. 95
6.5.1. Method ............................................................................................... 95
6.5.2. Results and discussion for speech rate dependent measures .............. 96
6.5.3. Results and discussion for speech rate independent measures ........ 101 6.6. Conclusions about speech rate influences on rhythm measures .............. 103
7. Additional influences on rhythm measures 105
7.1.1. Between speaker differences for %V ............................................... 105
7.1.2. Between phrase differences for %V ................................................. 106
7.2. Discussion and conclusion about other influences on the durational
variability of C- or V-intervals ............................................................................. 108
8. Influences of rate on the perception of rhythm 111
8.1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 111
8.2. Perception experiments in speech rhythm................................................ 112
8.3. Method ..................................................................................................... 113
8.3.1. Delexicalization................................................................................ 113
8.3.2. Subjects ............................................................................................ 115
8.3.3. Sti