Integrated water resources management and institutional change in Vietnam and Poland [Elektronische Ressource] : a comparative analysis with special consideration of the river basin level / vorgelegt von Steffen Grothe
196 pages
English

Integrated water resources management and institutional change in Vietnam and Poland [Elektronische Ressource] : a comparative analysis with special consideration of the river basin level / vorgelegt von Steffen Grothe

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196 pages
English
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Integrated Water Resources Management and Institutional Change in Vietnam and Poland – A Comparative Analysis with Special Consideration of the River Basin Level I n a u g u r a l d i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald vorgelgt von Stefn Grothe geboren am 26.01.1978 in Eberswalde-Finow Greifswald, 22.04.2009 Dekan: ....................................................................................Prof. Dr. Klaus Fesser 1. Gutachter: ................................................................Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Steingrube 2. Gutachter: ...........................................................................Prof. Dr. Harro Stolpe Tag der Promotion: .................................................................................11.09.2009 „It is possible to live without oil, but not without water” Peter Brabeck-Letmathe Summary In 1992, the international regime ‘Agenda 21’, which amongst others established the Dublin Principles, was agreed upon.

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Publié par
Publié le 01 janvier 2009
Nombre de lectures 8
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 2 Mo

Extrait

Integrated Water Resources Management and Institutional
Change in Vietnam and Poland – A Comparative Analysis with
Special Consideration of the River Basin Level





I n a u g u r a l d i s s e r t a t i o n

zur

Erlangung des akademischen Grades

doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)

an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät

der

Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald









vorgelgt von

Stefn Grothe

geboren am

26.01.1978

in Eberswalde-Finow





Greifswald, 22.04.2009






































Dekan: ....................................................................................Prof. Dr. Klaus Fesser


1. Gutachter: ................................................................Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Steingrube

2. Gutachter: ...........................................................................Prof. Dr. Harro Stolpe


Tag der Promotion: .................................................................................11.09.2009












































„It is possible to live without oil,
but not without water”

Peter Brabeck-Letmathe


Summary

In 1992, the international regime ‘Agenda 21’, which amongst others established the
Dublin Principles, was agreed upon. Accordingly, countries worldwide have been
undergoing reforms in their water management into a more holistic approach known as
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The implementation is promoted by
international actors such as the Global Water Partnership, the European Commission, and
other international donor agencies. The main institutional aspects of IWRM are the river
basin approach, clear property rights allocation, and application of economical instruments.
In former centrally planned economies, the process of IWRM implementation has been
coincided with transformation for the market economy. Countries undergoing such
transition are under the pressure to catch western countries up, often compromising
environmental protection and social equality. The implementation of institutional aspects
of IWRM in countries under transition is most likely connected with high transaction costs.
Against this background, the comparative empirical study was initialised in order to
analyse institutional change of water management towards IWRM in Vietnam and in
Poland.
Two models of river basin organisations were examined. Consequently, pros and
cons of decentralised polycentric and hierarchical unicentric river basin organisations have
been evaluated. For a profound analysis of institutional settings, the study applied
SCHARPF’S approach of actor-centred institutionalism coupled with the present scholars’
discussions on governance. Formal institutions were studied with the use of an in-depth
review of legislation regarding water management and its public administration in Vietnam
and in Poland. The EU Water Frame Directive (EU WFD) and other international policies
were also examined. For the empirical study in Vietnam and in Poland, actors who play
active roles in water management were interviewed as experts. The results of the study on
both countries were discussed separately, and conclusions were drawn in a comparative
manner. The different states of water management systems in Vietnam and in Poland at the
beginning of IWRM implementation were considered due to their particular development
paths. They have been examined from the 1960s to date.
Water management reforms towards IWRM in Vietnam and in Poland have been
generating multi-level governance processes including international, national and sub-
national levels. The implementation of IWRM in Vietnam is supported by international
donor agencies. In Poland, the implementation of the EU WFD is coordinated by the
European Commission in a hierarchical manner. In comparison to international joint-
development projects in Vietnam, the European Commission enforces international IWRM
policy more effectively.
Since the resumption of ODA in early 1990s, water resources management has been
institutionalised in Vietnam by international support. In 1998, a Water Law was
established in Vietnam for the very first time. The intended separation of water resources
management from water service provisions caused fragmentation between the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development, respectively. This ‘silo-effect’ has been intensified by the competition for
international ODA. The power struggles affect even agencies within ministries. Polycentric
river basin committees have been established as entities subordinated to the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development, as well as the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment. However, because of weak property rights allocation and the absence of
administrative powers, the river basin organisations work ineffectively. The river basin has
not yet been established as a sub-national area of political action. Decisions sustained to be
made at central level and are affected by the information problem due to largely centralised
organisations of Vietnamese water management. The sub-national level is characterised by
very low planning and management capacities.
In Poland, unicentric river basin organisations were established in 1991. They are
aligned with hydrological borders. Water resources planning and management are carried
out according to river basins and water regions in order to implement the EU WFD. The
river basin has been established as a new area of decision-making. The hierarchical tier of
water management boards ranges from the central level, working according to river basins,
to water region and sub-catchment levels. It resulted from deconcentration of
administrative powers. Conflicts between local-governments, mainly on the basis of
problems between upstream and downstream owners, have been resolved after the reforms.
Nevertheless, spatial management planning, environmental protection planning, water
service delivery, etc., are further carried out by local self-governments. To integrate water
resources planning and management with these services, horizontal coordination is of
critical importance. However, this is hampered by problems of ‘spatial fit’. Moreover, a
high degree of horizontal cross-border communication increases information problems in
hierarchical organisations. Thus, features of polycentric governance models become
increasingly important in order to fully implement the EU WFD in Poland.


Zusammenfassung

Das internationale Regime ‛Agenda 21’, in welchem unter anderem die Dublin Prinzipien
verankert sind, wurde 1992 verabschiedet. Dementsprechend unterliegt die Wasserwirt-
schaft von Staaten weltweit Reformen in Richtung eines holistischen Ansatzes, bekannt als
integriertes Wasserressourcen-Management (IWRM). Die Umsetzung von IWRM wird
von internationalen Akteuren wie der Globalen Wasserpartnerschaft (Global Water
Partnership), der Europäischen Kommission oder internationalen Geberorganen
vorangetrieben. Hauptaspekte des integrierten Wasserressourcen-Managements aus
institutioneller Sicht sind der Flussgebietsansatz, klare Zuweisung von Eigentumsrechten
sowie die Anwendung von marktwirtschaftlichen Instrumenten. In ehemaligen Planwirt-
schaften überschneiden sich die Prozesse der IWRM Umsetzung und der Trans-formation
zur Marktwirtschaft. Diese Transformationsländer stehen unter dem Druck westliche
Volkswirtschaften einzuholen, wobei Umweltschutz und soziale Gerechtigkeit
beeinträchtigt sind. In solchen Ländern ist die Umsetzung institutioneller Aspekte eines
IWRM sehr wahrscheinlich mit hohen Transaktionskosten verbunden. Vor diesem Hinter-
grund wurde eine vergleichende Studie initialisiert, um den institutionellen Wandel in den
Wasserwirtschaften von Vietnam und Polen zu untersuchen.
Zwei Modelle von Flussgebietsorganisationen einer genauen Betrachtung
unterzogen. Entsprechend wurden Vor- und Nachteile von dezentralisierten
polyzentrischen und hierarchischen unizentralen Organisationsmodellen untersucht und
bewertet. Für eine tiefgründige Analyse von institutionellen Kontexten stützte sich die
Studie auf SCHARPF’S Ansatz des ‛Akteurszentrierten Institutionalismus’ in Zusammen-
hang mit aktuellen Diskussionen bezüglich Governance. Formale Institutionen wurden an
Hand tiefgründiger Studien von rechtlichen Texten zu Wasserwirtschaft und öffentlicher
Verwaltung in Vietnam und Polen untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurden die EU
Wasserrahmen

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