Investigations on the effects of harvest methods and storage conditions on yield, quality and germination of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) seeds [Elektronische Ressource] / submitted by Azim Ghasemnezhad

Informations

• Publié par: justus-liebig-universitat_giessen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 31
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding I
Justus Liebig University Giessen
Prof. Dr. B. Honermeier


Investigations on the effects of harvest methods and storage conditions on yield, quality
and germination of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) seeds




Dissertation
Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Agricultural Science (Dr. agr.) to the Faculty of
Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional and Environmental Management
Justus Liebig University Giessen






Submitted by


Azim Ghasemnezhad

Giessen 2007


















Examination chairman: Prof. Dr. S. Hoy
1. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. B. Honermeier
2. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. S. Schubert
Examiner: Prof. Dr. S. Schnell iner: Prof. Dr. A.Vilcinskas





















































Some results of executed experiments were published in:

Honermeier B, Ghasemnezhad A, Beiten S. Effect of different autumn and spring sowing
times on seed yield and seed quality of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.). Journal of
Medicinal and Spice Plants. 2005, 4; 187- 193

Ghasemnezhad A, Honermeier B. Seed yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of
Oenothera biennis L. affected by harvest date and harvest method. Journal of Industrial
Crops and Products. 2007, 25; 274-281











































































For my wife
Contents

1. Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1
2. Review of literature............................................................................................................ 4
2.1 History........................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Botany........................................................................................................................ 4
2.3 Uses of evening primrose........................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Evening primrose as a garden flower........................................................................ 6
2.4 Characterization of evening primrose oil ................................................................... 6
2.4.1 γ-linolenic acid ................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Evening primrose oil and human health..................................................................... 8
2.6 Breeding of evening primrose .................................................................................... 9
2.7 Cultivation of evening primrose............................................................................... 10
3. Materials and Methods ......................................................................................................... 13
3.1 Field experiments.....................................................................................................13
3.1.1 Soil and climate conditions ..................................................................................
3.1.2 Weather conditions...........................................................................................14
3.1.3 Experimental design.........................................................................................17
3.1.4 Measurements...................................................................................................
3.2 Pot experiments .............................................................................................................. 18
3.2.1 Soil and climate conditions ..................................................................................... 18
3.2.2 Maximum soil water-holding capacity.................................................................... 19
3.2.3 Experimental design................................................................................................ 19
3.2.4 Measurements21
3.3 Post-harvest experiment
3.3.1 Effect of storage time and storage temperature on the seed oil quality ........... 21
3.4 Study on seed germination ....................................................................................... 22
3.4.1 First experiment....................................................................................................... 22
3.4.2 Second experiment .................................................................................................. 23
3.4.3 Third experiment ..................................................................................................... 23
3.5 Laboratory analysis24
3.5.1 Oil extraction with Soxhlet ..............................................................................
3.5.2 Fatty acid analysis with GC ............................................................................. 25
3.5.3 Protein measurement........................................................................................26
3.5.4 Peroxide value27
3.5.5 Free fatty acid percentage ................................................................................
3.6 Statistic analysis28
4. Results.............................................................................................................................. 29
4.1 Field experiments.....................................................................................................29
4.1.1 Plant development............................................................................................
4.1.2 Seed yield and seed yield components............................................................. 30
4.1.3 Oil and protein percentage ............................................................................... 32
4.1.4 Fatty acid composition ..................................................................................... 32
4.2 Pot experiments........................................................................................................35
4.2.1 Plant development in pot experiments 35
4.2.2 Experiment S1 (spring 2004) ........................................................................... 36
4.2.2. 1 Seed yield and seed yield components.......................................................... 36
4.2.2.1 Oil and protein percentage ............................................................................. 37
4.2.2.2 Fatty acid composition ................................................................................... 39
4.2.3 Experiment A (autumn 2004) 42
4.2.3.1 Seed yield and yield components ................................................................... 42
I 4.2.3.2 Oil and protein percentage ............................................................................. 46
4.2.3.3 Fatty acid composition ................................................................................... 47
4.2.4 Experiment S2 (spring 2005) .................................................................................. 49
4.2.4.1 Seed yield and seed yield components........................................................... 49
4.2.4.2 Oil and protein percentage 54
4.2.4.3 Fatty acid composition 56
4.4 Effects of storage time and storage temperature on the seed quality ....................... 60
4.4.1 Oil and protein percentage ............................................................................... 60
4.4.2 Fatty acid composition ..................................................................................... 61
4.4.3 Free fatty acid percentage ................................................................................ 62
4.4.4 Peroxide value..................................................................................................63
4.5 Study on seed germination .......................................................................................
4.5.1 Effect of day length and temperature on seed germination.............................. 63
4.5.2 Effect of harvest time and harvest method of the plants on seed viablity........ 64
4.5.3 Effect of different storage times and temperatures on seed germination......... 67
5. Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 68
5.1 Seed yield performance and seed quality of evening primrose in field experiments68
5.2 ance and seed quality of evening primro