Joint channel estimation in service area based OFDM air interfaces for beyond 3G mobile radio systems [Elektronische Ressource] = Gemeinsame Kanalschätzung in OFDM-Luftschnittstellen für Mobilfunksysteme jenseits der 3. Generation auf der Basis von Service-Gebieten / von Ioannis Maniatis

Ioannis Maniatis

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• Publié par: technische_universitat_kaiserslautern
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 21
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

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Ioannis Maniatis
Mozartstrasse 25
D-67655 Kaiserslautern
Geburtsort: Athen / Griechenland
Joint channel estimation in service area based OFDM air
interfaces for beyond 3G mobile radio systems
deutscher Titel:
Gemeinsame Kanalschatzung¨ in OFDM- Luftschnittstellen
f¨ur Mobilfunksysteme jenseits der 3. Generation auf der
Basis von Service-Gebieten
Vom Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
der Technischen Universitat¨ Kaiserslautern
zur Verleihung des akademischen Grades
Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.–Ing.)
genehmigte Dissertation
von
Dipl.-Ing. Ioannis Maniatis
D 386
Tag der Einreichung: 25.10.2004
Tag der mundlichen¨ Prufung:¨ 04.02.2005
Dekan des Fachbereichs
Elektrotechnik: Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Huth
Vorsitzender der
Prufungsk¨ ommission: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. L. Litz
1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr.-Ing. E. h. P.W. Baier
2. Prof. Dr. H. Haas
V
Foreword
The present thesis accrued in the time period from April 2001 until October 2004 during my
occupation as a scientific researcher at the Research Group for RF Communications of Prof.
Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr.-Ing. E.h. P.W. Baier at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. I would
like to thank all those who supported me during this period.
A special thanks goes to Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr.-Ing. E.h. P.W. Baier for the incitation,
the furtherance and the supervision of this work. Through his permanent cooperativeness
and willingness for discussions he contributed a major part to the success of this work. I
also would like to thank Prof. Dr. H. Haas of the International University of Bremen for
undergoing the process of issuing the necessary certificate of conformity for my thesis and for
the fruitful exchange of ideas during our involvement in joint research projects. Furthermore,
I would like to thank the chairman of the examination committee, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. L. Litz.
Another special thanks goes to Dr.-Ing. habil. T. Weber for the outmost efficient team-
work during my research activities. His advises and hints contributed considerably to the
quality of this thesis.
The results presented in the thesis were generated in the scope of research projects sup-
ported by the SIEMENS AG. I would like to thank Dr.Ing. E. Schulz, Dr.-Ing. E. Costa and
Dr.-Ing. M. Weckerle from SIEMENS for the support and the exchange of ideas. During
the course of said projects a valuable co-operation with the research groups of Prof. Dr. H.
Rohling, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, of Prof. You, Southeastern University –
Nanjing, China, of Prof. Zhou, University of Science and Telecommunications – Hefei, Chi-
na, and of Prof. Zhang Ping, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunication – Beijing,
China was established.
The present and past colleagues at the Research Group of RF Communications I thank
for the inspiring and pleasant working environment. An additional thanks goes to all the
students who contributed to my work in the scope of their junior and master theses.
My present girlfriend and future wife Patricia I thank with all my heart for her support in
the last ten months. She gave me peace of mind and strength and always held on to me. Last
but not least, my biggest thanks I give to my parents Katerina and Anastasios, who supported
me morally as well as financially during my entire life and never gave up on me. This I will
always remember, cherish and strive to imitate. I dedicate this work to the three of them.
Kaiserslautern, February 2005 Ioannis ManiatisVII
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Service area based architecture versus cellular architecture . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Basic features of JOINT as considered in the thesis . . . .... ... ... 4
1.3 Channel estimation in JOINT, the topic of the thesis . . . .... ... ... 5
1.4 State of the art and open questions . .... .... ... .... ... ... 8
1.5 Structure of the thesis . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 9
2 Brief review of conventional point–to–point OFDM transmission 13
2.1 Motivation.... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 13
2.2 Channel and data estimation . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 13
2.3 Parametrization aspects .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 15
3 A closer look in the UL of JOINT 18
3.1 Motivation.... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 18
3.2 Radio channels . . . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 18
3.3 Channel estimation . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 19
3.4 Data . . . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 20
3.5 Time synchronization . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 22
3.6 Parametrization . . . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 24
4 Joint channel estimation in JOINT 25
4.1 Preliminary remarks . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 25
4.2 Signal available at the CU . . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 26
4.3 Reduction of the number of unknowns . . . .... ... .... ... ... 27
4.4 Joint Channel Estimation (JCE) . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 32
4.5 Quality criteria for JCE .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 33
4.5.1 SNR degradation . . . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 33
4.5.2 Variation coefficient . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 35
5 Pilot vector design 38
5.1 Preliminary remarks . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 38
5.2 General considerations about the SNR degradation . . . .... ... ... 38
5.3 Random pilot vectors . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 41
5.3.1 Generation . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 41
5.3.2 SNR degradations . . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 42
5.3.3 Variation coefficient . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 45
5.4 Pilot vectors based on the approach of disjoint subcarriers.... ... ... 46
5.4.1 Generation . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 46VIII Contents
5.4.2 SNR degradations . . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 52
5.4.3 Variation coefficient . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 52
5.5 Pilot vectors based on Walsh codes . .... .... ... .... ... ... 56
5.5.1 Generation . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 56
5.5.2 SNR degradations . . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 57
5.5.3 Variation coefficient . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 59
5.6 Pilot vectors based on CAZAC codes.... .... ... .... ... ... 63
5.6.1 Generation . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 63
5.6.2 SNR degradations . . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 65
5.6.3 Variation coefficient . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 66
6 Enhancement of joint channel estimation by employing multi-element antennas
at the APs 68
6.1 Preliminary remarks . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 68
6.2 Transmission model . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 69
6.3 Reduction of the number of unknowns . . . .... ... .... ... ... 71
6.4 Channel estimation . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 75
6.5 Exploiting directional properties of the impinging undesired signals . . . . 76
6.6 Simulations . . . . . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 81
6.7 Minimum Mean Square Error JCE (MMSE–JCE) . . . . .... ... ... 87
6.8 Simulations . . . . . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 88
6.9 Impact of non-perfect DOA knowledge on JCE . . . . . .... ... ... 100
6.10 Investigation results . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 105
7 Exploitation of temporal correlations for JCE 110
7.1 Two dimensional joint channel estimation (2D–JCE) . . .... ... ... 110
7.2 Performance of 2D–JCE . . . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 113
8 Impact of non-perfect channel knowledge on JD and JT in JOINT 118
8.1 JCE error .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 118
8.2 Impact of the JCE error on the performance of JD . . . . .... ... ... 120
8.2.1 JD error . . . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 120
8.2.2 Investigation results . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 127
8.3 Impact of the JCE error on the performance of JT . . . . .... ... ... 131
8.3.1 JT error . . . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 131
8.3.2 Investigation results . . . . .... .... ... .... ... ... 135
9 Summary 140
9.1 English . .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 140
9.2 Deutsch . .... ... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 141Contents IX
A Ideal set of pilot vectors based on the Walsh codes 142
A.1 Illustrative example . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 142
A.2 Proposition . . . . . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 144
A.3 Proof by induction . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 145
A.4 Induction hypothesis . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 145
A.5 step . . . . . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 147
B Derivation of the Wiener estimator of (6.50) 151
References 158

1
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Service area based architecture versus cellular archi-
tecture
Even though 3G mobile radio networks up to now have not yet come widely into operation,
already today research activities directed towards the definition and design of Beyond 3G
(B3G) systems are being started in many parts of the world [WM02, Nat03, EKLG 03].
According to the observations made in connection with the emergence of 2G and 3G sy-
stems, the time, which elapses from the first system considerations until eventually system
operation commences, easily reaches one decade. Therefore, today’s activities towards B3G
systems are far from being premature. Among the various demands put by operators and
potential users on B3G systems, the flexib