Land use change and natural Araucaria forest degradation northeastern Misiones, Argentina [Elektronische Ressource] / submitted by Maria Fabiana Rau (born Navarro)

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• Biologie

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• Publié par: albert-ludwigs-universitat_freiburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 30
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 14 Mo

Extrait

Land Use Change and Natural
Araucaria Forest Degradation
Northeastern Misiones - Argentina










Inaugural Dissertation
to acquisition the doctorate of the
Faculty of Forestry
Albert-Ludwigs-University
Freiburg in Breisgau, Germany








submitted by
Maria Fabiana Rau
(born Navarro)





Freiburg in Breisgau
2005












































Dekan: Prof. Dr. E. Hildebrand
Referent: Prof. Dr. A. Drescher
Korreferent: Prof. Dr. R. Mäckel

Disputationsdatum: 6/12/2005I would return to Misiones,
only to see their trees

E. L. Holmberg
Naturalist (1852-1937)







For the final production of the thesis, I owe the following people my sincere gratitude. First
are my two promoters, Prof. Dr. A. Drescher and Prof. Dr. R. Mäckel who gave me the
participation opportunity in their work group and their technical guidance made me com-
plete this work. Prof. Dr. Fernando Pereyra is thanked for his invaluable help and techni-
cal guidance in the analysis of soil erosion. I would like to thank very especially my initial
promoter Prof. Dra. Inés Malvarez who gave me anger to begin on the way to this thesis.

I thank Baden-Württemberg Government for providing me with funds in the frame of Lan-
desgraduierteförderung to follow a fellowships programme at the Albert-Ludwigs-
University Freiburg. Prof. Dr. A. Drescher and Ing. Agr. J. Rey supported this work through
the twinning arrangement existed between the Institute for Physical Geography and the
Ecology and Renewable Natural Resources Ministry of the Province of Misiones. This
proved invaluable contribution towards the realisation of this PhD thesis.

This work was expensive requiring extensive funding for logistic, software and field data
collection. I want to mention and thank the following institutions that made it possible for
me work on and complete the work. They are the Ecology and Renewable Natural Re-
sources Ministry of the Province of Misiones through the support of the Ecology Director
Juan P. Cinto and Systems Director Juan Solari who provided me transport for the terres-
trial recognitions and the satellite data. The Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst (DAD)
who provided me with funds to purchase the air passages. The Argentinean Air Force who
allowed me to use their 1997 aerial photographs. The Cadastre Direction of the Province
of Misiones that allowed me to use their 1962 aerial photographs. The Agricultural Family
School N° 1602 in San Pedro through the support of the Rector Luis Díaz Espeche who
allowed me to use the laboratory. The Institute for Physical Geography in Albert-Ludwigs-
University that provided me with a comfortable working space, logistic material, computer,
software, printers and human warmth.

Other people who contributed to this work and I would like to thank include my col-
leagues in Germany and Argentina. Elke Ecker, for her constant support and human
warmth. For the intensive english correction thank I especially Dr. George Jerabek. I
would like heartily to thank Susana Breglia and Claudio Slamovits for their infinite pa-
tience, loyal support and many hours of discussion and correction works. Gustavo Pauni
who was my guide during my first time in Misiones and whose knowledge on the forest
problem in Misiones were essential for this work. I also thank Lucia Lopez and Roberto
Derna for their constant support and friendship.
Finally, I would like to thank my parents and my family in Germany for their patience, un-
conditional support, and trust and especially I would like to thank my husband Frank Rau
that without his loyal and constant support, patience, friendship, knowledge and his trust
in my, this thesis has not been possible. I dedicate this work to them.
Table of Contents II-1













TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword……………………………..………….………….………………………………….... I
Table of Contents…………….....…………………….……….…………………………….…..II
List of Figures…………………...……………….………………………….………………….. III
List of Tables …………………….…………………………………………..……………….… IV
Abbreviations…………………………………………………………..……………..…………..V

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1
1.1 Preface .....................................................................................................1
1.2 Araucaria Forest in South America..............................................................2
1.2.1 Concepts Definition.........................................................................2
1.2.2.1 General Considerations .....................................................3
1.2.2.2 Phyto-geographical Distribution and Ecology......................4
1.2.2.2.1 Area of Occurrence.........................................4
1.2.2.2.2 Ecological Aspects...........................................5
1.2.3 Structural Characteristic of Araucaria forests.....................................6
1.3 Current Research State of Araucaria Forests................................................7
1.3.1 Classification and Distribution .........................................................7
1.3.2 Structure, Dynamics and Regeneration of Araucaria Forests...............7
1.4 Natural Araucaria Forests in Argentina .....................................................10
1.4.1 Phytogeographic Distribution10
1.4.2 Conditions of the Araucaria Forests................................................10
1.4.3 Legal Framework for Forest Protection and Sustainable Uses ……….11
1.5 Research Project ......................................................................................15
1.5.1 Research Framework.....................................................................15
1.5.2 Situation prior to the research........................................................15
1.6 Research Objectives and Scope................................................................16
1.7 Dissertation Significance ..........................................................................16Table of Contents II-2

2. STUDY AREA......................................................................................................18
2.1 Geographical Location ............................................................................18
2.2 Climate...................................................................................................20
2.3 Geology..................................................................................................22
2.4 Geomorphology and Soils .......................................................................22
2.5 Hydrology...............................................................................................25
2.6 Vegetation ..............................................................................................27
3. DEGRADATION OF THE ARAUCARIA FORESTS IN NE MISIONES.........................30
3.1 Data and Processing................................................................................31
3.1.1 Aerial Photography and Maps Analysis...........................................31
3.1.2 Terrestrial and Aerial Recognition ....................................................32
3.1.3 Socio-cultural Approach..................................................................33
3.1.4 Tools.….. .....................................................................................33
3.1.5 Mapping ......................................................................................34
3.1.6 Vegetation Inventory .....................................................................34
3.2 History of Destruction...............................................................................35
3.2.1 Exploitation of A. angustifolia.........................................................35
3.2.2 Degradation of Natural Forests......................................................37
3.3 Results of Exploitation ..............................................................................41
3.3.1 Actual State of A. angustifolia ........................................................41
3.3.2 Floristic Composition of the Araucaria Forests.................................45
3.3.3 Has the Araucaria a Future in Misiones? ........................................47
3.3.3.1 Natural Regeneration48
3.3.3.2 Forestry ............................................................................50
3.3.3.3 Conservation of the Germplasm51
3.4 Discussion...............................................................................................52
4. LAND USE CHANGE..........................................................................................55
4.1 Introduction................