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Publié par | Thesee |
Nombre de lectures | 32 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 84 Mo |
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ÉCOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE
INSTITUT DES SCIENCES DE LA TERRE D’ORLEANS UE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS (CAS)
THÈSE EN COTUTELLE INTERNATIONALE présentée par :
Ke CHEN
soutenue le 1er décembre 2010
pour obtenir le grade de :
Docteur de l’Université d’Orléans
et de l’Institute of Geology and Geophysics
Discipline : Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers
LE PIÉDMONT NORD DU TIAN SHAN :
CAS D'ÉCOLE D'UN FRONT DE CHAÎNE IMMATURE
THÈSE dirigée par :
Professeur, ISTO, Université d’Orléans-CNRS, France M. Yan CHEN
M. Qingchen WANG Professeur, IGG, CAS, Chine
RAPPORTEURS :
M. Marc JOLIVET CR, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, France
M. Bihong FU Professeur, KLEDI, CAS, Chine
_____________________________________________________________________
JURY :
M. Romain AUGIER MCF, ISTO, Université d’Orléans-CNRS, France Bihong FU Professeur, KLEDI, CAS, Chine
M. Charles GUMIAUX MCF, ISTO, Université d’Orléance
CR, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, France . Marc JOLIVET
M. Wei LIN Professeur, IGG, CAS, Chine
M. Guillaume MARTELET Ingénieur, BRGM, Orléans, France
M. Qingchen WANG Professeur, IGG, CAS, Chine Rixiang ZHU Professeur, IGG, CAS, Chine
INVITÉ :
M. Yan CHEN Professeur, ISTO, Université d’Orléans-CNRS, France . Julien CHARREAU MCF, INPL, CRPG, France
tel-00597191, version 1 - 31 May 2011
tel-00597191, version 1 - 31 May 2011Table of contents
Acknowledgement
Chapter 1. Intracontinental orogens .......................................................................... 5
1.1 Basic concepts of intracontinental orogen .............................................................................. 7
1.2 Some examples of intracontinental orogens ............................................................................ 9
1.3 Deformation in fold-and-thrust belts ..................................................................................... 13
Chapter 2. Geological setting and history of Tian Shan ......................................... 23
2.1 Cenozoic tectonics in Asia .................................................................................................... 25
2.1.1 The collision of the India-Asia ....................................................................................... 26
2.1.2 The deformation by the India-Asia collision .................................................................. 27
2.2 Geological setting and history of Tian Shan ......................................................................... 29
2.2.1 The origin of basement and Paleozoic assembly of Tian Shan ...................................... 30
2.2.2 Mesozoic activity and inactivity .................................................................................... 37
2.2.3 The current Tian Shan .................................................................................................... 40
2.3 Problems and methodology ................................................................................................... 43
Chapter 3. The Mesozoic paleo-relief of the northern
Tian Shan - submitted manuscript ....................................................... 47
3.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 49
3.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 49
3.3 Stratigraphy of Mesozoic sediments within the study area ................................................... 52
3.4 Structural analysis of the Mesozoic basal contact ................................................................. 55
3.5 Discussion and conclusions................................................................................................... 60
Chapter 4. Structural pattern along the northern piedmont of Tian Shan .......... 66
4.1 Thrust contact ........................................................................................................................ 71
4.1.1 Taxi He ........................................................................................................................... 71
4.1.2 Toutun He West .............................................................................................................. 75
4.1.3 Toutun He ....................................................................................................................... 78
4.1.4 Jingou He ........ 81
4.1.5 Anjihai He ...................................................................................................................... 84
4.1.6 Kuitun He ........ 87
4.2 Unconformity contact ........................................................................................................... 89
4.2.1 Houxia east ..................................................................................................................... 90
4.2.2 Changji He ....... 90
4.2.3 Hutubi He ....................................................................................................................... 92
4.2.4 Tugulu He ........ 93
4.2.5 Dabaiyanggou ................................................................................................................ 94
4.2.6 Wusu .............................................................................................................................. 95
4.3 Fold contact ........................................................................................................................... 97
4.3.1 Manasi He ....... 98
4.3.2 Qingshui He ................................................................................................................. 100
4.4 Backthrust contact ............................................................................................................... 101
4.4.1 Houxia West .... 102
4.4.2 Hutubi He South ........................................................................................................... 103
3
tel-00597191, version 1 - 31 May 20114.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 104
4.5.1 Backthrust in the northern piedmont of Tian Shan ....................................................... 104
4.5.2 The effect of Mesozoic paleo-relief on the Cenozoic deformation .............................. 106
4.2.3 Mechanism of the deformation along the northern Tian Shan ..................................... 107
Chapter 5. Regional geological sections along the north piedmont
of Tian Shan and quantification of the Cenozoic deformation ........ 113
5.1 Approach of the construction of regional geological sections ............................................ 115
5.2 Geological sections ............................................................................................................. 118
5.1.1 Jingou He Section . 118
5.2.2 Qingshui He section ..................................................................................................... 124
5.2.3 Hutubi He section ......................................................................................................... 127
5.2.4 Wusu section ................................................................................................................ 131
5.3 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 134
5.3.1 Mechanism of deformation in the northern piedmont of Tiansahn .............................. 134
5.3.2 The shortening in the foreland thrust-and-fold belt ...................................................... 138
Chapter 6. General discussion, conclusions and perspectives ............................. 141
6.1 Persistence and contribution of a Mesozoic paleo-relief ..................................................... 143
6.2 The immature fold-and-thrust belt of the northern front of Tian Shan ................................ 146
6.2.1 Analysis of the range-basin contacts ............................................................................ 146
6.2.2 Deformation pattern within the fold-and-thrust belt .................................................... 150
6.2.3 Which tectonic model could apply for Cenozoic north Tian Shan deformation? ......... 153
6.2.3 Structural characteristics of an immature fold-and-thrust belt ..................................... 161
6.3 Deformation timing and shortening rate in the northern piedmont of Tian Shan ................ 163
6.3.1 Onset timing of Cenozoic foreland deformation .......................................................... 164
6.3.2 Qualitative shortening rates .......................................................................................... 167
6.4 Influen