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12
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Français
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Documents
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2000
Description
Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française - Année 2000 - Volume 97 - Numéro 2 - Pages 265-274Résumé La sépulture collective est une structure funéraire dans laquelle plusieurs individus ont été inhumés successivement. Au sein de ce genre sépulcral, on peut distinguer cinq catégories : des sépultures qualifiées de collectives, mais pour lesquelles la succession des inhumations n'est pas établie; des dépôts réduits associés à des gestes simples ; des couches d'ossements vidangées ; les dépôts secondaires ; enfin des sépultures complexes, associant différents gestes. Entre les premières sépultures supposées collectives, vers 4 500 av. J.-C, et leur abandon, à l'aube du IIe millénaire, on observe des gestes funéraires très différents. Alors qu'au Néolithique moyen, quelques sujets sont au centre de pratiques complexes, à la période suivante (3 300-2 700 av. J.-C), le rituel lié à la mort se déroule hors de la sépulture, cette dernière étant partagée par toute la communauté. À la fin du Néolithique, les identités individuelles ou familiales sont de nouveau affichées dans la mort.
Abstract1 The collective grave is a structure in which several individuals were buried in succession. Within this burial type, five categories are distinguished. First of all, there are tombs which have traditionally been described as collective, but ultimately contain no clear evidence for successive burials. The second group comprises minimal collective tombs, with small numbers of bodies and quite simple funerary behaviour. Emptied graves are common. This was possibly done for a variety of reasons, such as to create more space or to recuperate bones. Secondary deposits, particularly cremations, are rare. They are not easy to identify and this explains their scarcity. The last group includes tombs with combined evidence for rearranged bones, compartmentation, and partial emptying. A tentative chronology for these practices is put forward. In the middle Neolithic (4 500-3 500 B.C.) the successive nature of burials in the monumental tombs of western France remains hypothetical. They were built to contain a limited number of burials, without selection for gender or age. From 3 300 to 2 800 B.C., inhumation in collective tombs was the norm. Did this apply to the whole population ? However, in the grave the practices appear not to have been codified. At the end of the Neolithic, between 2 700 and 2 300 B.C., the increased variety of burial practice marks the decline of previous ideology. Nevertheless, collective graves do not disappear until the first quarter of the 2nd millennium. What do the collective tombs really signify ? We cannot conclude that their image of equality in death must conform to some social organisation. The society of the dead is an idealized projection of the society of the living.
10 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
Abstract1 The collective grave is a structure in which several individuals were buried in succession. Within this burial type, five categories are distinguished. First of all, there are tombs which have traditionally been described as collective, but ultimately contain no clear evidence for successive burials. The second group comprises minimal collective tombs, with small numbers of bodies and quite simple funerary behaviour. Emptied graves are common. This was possibly done for a variety of reasons, such as to create more space or to recuperate bones. Secondary deposits, particularly cremations, are rare. They are not easy to identify and this explains their scarcity. The last group includes tombs with combined evidence for rearranged bones, compartmentation, and partial emptying. A tentative chronology for these practices is put forward. In the middle Neolithic (4 500-3 500 B.C.) the successive nature of burials in the monumental tombs of western France remains hypothetical. They were built to contain a limited number of burials, without selection for gender or age. From 3 300 to 2 800 B.C., inhumation in collective tombs was the norm. Did this apply to the whole population ? However, in the grave the practices appear not to have been codified. At the end of the Neolithic, between 2 700 and 2 300 B.C., the increased variety of burial practice marks the decline of previous ideology. Nevertheless, collective graves do not disappear until the first quarter of the 2nd millennium. What do the collective tombs really signify ? We cannot conclude that their image of equality in death must conform to some social organisation. The society of the dead is an idealized projection of the society of the living.
10 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
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Publié le
01 janvier 2000
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Langue
Français
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Poids de l'ouvrage
1 Mo