Making decisions under conflict with a continuous mind [Elektronische Ressource] : from micro to macro time scales / by Stefan Scherbaum

Scherbaum

Description

  Making decisions under conflict with a continuous mind: from micro to macro time scales  DISSERTATION  for the degree of Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)   presented to the Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Technische Universität Dresden   by M.Sc. Stefan Scherbaum    Reviewer:  Prof. Dr. Thomas Goschke (Dresden, Germany)   Prof. Dr. Alexander Strobel     Doctoral defense:  October 26th 2010   Contact: [e-mail]‐dresden.de    Statement The presented work is a cumulative dissertation. In accordance with § 8 (1) of the doctorate regulations from march 20th 2000 of the Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Technische Universität Dresden, it has been prepared as a self‐contained work. All chapters were composed specifically for this dissertation. In addition to the empirical papers (chapters 5 – 7), the theoretical background of the work is comprehensively reflected in the introduction (chapter 1 – 3) and the first, theoretical paper (chapter 4). A conjoint evaluation and critical consideration of all studies and results and a discussion of theoretical implications are provided in the general discussion (chapter 8) and conclusion (chapter 9).  Paper 1 (chapter 4): Scherbaum, S., Dshemuchadse, M., & Kalis, A. (2008). Making decisions with a continuous mind. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol. 8(4), pp. 454‐474. Paper 2 (chapter 5): Scherbaum, S., Fischer, R.

Sujets

• Psychologie

Informations

• Publié par: technische_universitat_dresden
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 10
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

Makingdecisionsunderconflictwithacontinuousmind: frommicrotomacrotimescales

DISSERTATION

forthedegreeof Doctorrerumnaturalium (Dr.rer.nat.) presentedtothe DepartmentofMathematicsandNaturalSciences ofTechnischeUniversitätDresden by M.Sc.StefanScherbaum Reviewer:Prof.Dr.ThomasGoschke(Dresden,Germany) Prof.Dr.AlexanderStrobel(Dresden,Germany) Doctoraldefense:October26th2010 Contact:[e-mail]‐dresden.de

Statement

Thepresentedworkisacumulativedissertation.Inaccordancewith§8(1)ofthedoctorate

regulationsfrommarch20th2000oftheDepartmentofMathematicsandNaturalSciences

ofTechnischeUniversitätDresden,ithasbeenpreparedasaself‐containedwork.All

chapterswerecomposedspecificallyforthisdissertation.Inadditiontotheempirical

papers(chapters5–7),thetheoreticalbackgroundoftheworkiscomprehensively

reflectedintheintroduction(chapter1–3)andthefirst,theoreticalpaper(chapter4).A

conjointevaluationandcriticalconsiderationofallstudiesandresultsandadiscussionof

theoreticalimplicationsareprovidedinthegeneraldiscussion(chapter8)andconclusion

(chapter9).

Paper1(chapter4):Scherbaum,S.,Dshemuchadse,M.,&Kalis,A.(2008).Making

decisionswithacontinuousmind.Cognitive,Affective,&BehavioralNeuroscience,Vol.8(4),

pp.454‐474.

Paper2(chapter5):Scherbaum,S.,Fischer,R.,Dshemuchadse,M.,&Goschke,T.

(submitted).Thedynamicsofcognitivecontrol:evidenceforwithintrialconflictadaptation

fromfrequencytaggedEEG.Psychophysiology.

Paper3(chapter6):Scherbaum,S.,Dshemuchadse,M.,Fischer,R.,&Goschke,T.(2010).

HowDecisionsEvolve:TheTemporalDynamicsofActionSelection.Cognition,Vol.115(3)

2010,pp.407‐416.

Paper4(chapter7):Scherbaum,S.,Dshemuchadse,M.,Ruge,H.,&Goschke,T.

(submitted).Dynamicgoalstates:adaptingcognitivecontrolatdifferenttimescales

withoutconflictmonitoring.PsychologicalReview.

I

BriefContents

Statement ....................................................................................................................................................... I Brief........I.........I.I.....................................................................................................................ntteonC......s. Contents ........................................................................................................................................................V Figures..........................................................................XI............................................................................... Chapter1.....ntro1I........................................................ctdun.io................................................................ Chapter2 Decisionmakingunderconflict .............................................................................................3 Chapter3 Investigatingdecisionmakingunderconflictdynamically.............................................14 Chapter4 Makingdecisionswithacontinuousmind ........................................................................17 Chapter5 Thedynamicsofcognitivecontrol:evidenceforwithintrialconflictadaptation fromfrequencytaggedEEG ........................................................................................................56 Chapter6 Howdecisionsevolve:thetemporaldynamicsofactionselection.................................77 Chapter7 Dynamicgoalstates:adaptingcognitivecontrolatdifferenttimescaleswithout conflictmonitoring........................................................................................................................97 Chapter8 Generaldiscussion ...............................................................................................................115 Chapter9 Conclusionandoutlook ......................................................................................................123 References ..................................................................................................................................................130 DeutscheZusammenfassung ..................................................................................................................153 AppendixISupplementarymaterialforchapter.................5........59.1.................................................... AppendixIIModelformulasforchapter7 ...........................................................................................163

III

Contents

Statement............................................................................................................................................ I BriefContents................................................................................................................................. III Contents.............................................................................................................................................V Figures ..............................................................................................................................................IX Chapter1Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 Chapter2Decisionmakingunderconflict............................................................................ 3 2.1Decisionmaking,modules,andstages................................................................................. 4 2.2Decisionmakingunderconflictandcognitivecontrol....................................................... 6 2.3Amoduleforcoordinatingdecisionmakingunder8conflict ............................................. 2.4Adynamicapproachtodecisionmakingunderconflict ................................................. 10 2.4.1Theprincipleofcontinuity............................................................................................ 10 2.4.2Theprincipleofrecurrentcoupling............................................................................. 12 Chapter3Investigatingdecisionmakingunderconflictdynamically.......................... 14 3.1.1Theoreticalaims.............................................................................................................. 15 3.1.2Empiricalaims ................................................................................................................ 15 Chapter4Makingdecisionswithacontinuousmind ...................................................... 17 4.1Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 17 4.2Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 17 4.3Interdisciplinaryresearchondecisionmaking.................................................................. 18 4.3.1Neuroeconomics............................................................................................................. 19 4.3.2Challengesfortheneuroeconomicapproach............................................................. 20 4.3.2.1Anexample:intertemporal21choice ........................................................................ 4.3.2.2Thetwosystemsapproach ..................................................................................... 23 4.3.2.3Processesoftimeperceptionandrewardanticipationinintertemporalchoice ................................................................................................................................................ 25 4.3.2.4Integrationefforts .................................................................................................... 26 4.4ADST‐informedapproachtodecisionmaking................................................................. 27 4.4.1Fromself‐organizedcognitiontocontinuousself‐organizeddecisionmaking .... 28 4.4.2PrinciplesofDSTandtheirapplicationtodecisionmaking.................................... 30 4.4.2.1Systems,variables,andstatespace ....................................................................... 30

V

4.4.2.2Attractors,multistability,andtrajectories............................................................ 31 4.4.2.3Collectivevariables.................................................................................................. 34 4.4.2.4Controlparameters,bifurcations,andphasetransitions ................................... 35 4.4.2.5Hysteresis.................................................................................................................. 36 4.4.2.6Perturbationsandcriticality................................................................................... 37 4.4.2.7Metastabilityandintermittency............................................................................. 39 4.4.3ResearchstrategiesforaDST‐informedapproachtointertemporal40choice .......... 4.4.3.1Variabilityinthedynamicdecisionsystem ......................................................... 41 4.4.3.2Watchingcontinuouschangesovertime:trajectories ........................................ 42 4.4.3.3Non‐linearinfluencesofcontrolparameters:hysteresis.................................... 43 4.4.3.4Usingperturbationstodetectpropertiesofthesystem ..................................... 44 4.4.3.5Consideringindividualitytocomplementaggregation..................................... 45 4.4.4AssemblingtheDST‐informedapproach ................................................................... 46 4.4.4.1ADST‐informedapproachtointertemporalchoice ........................................... 46 4.4.4.2ADST‐informedneuroeconomics......................................................................... 48 4.4.4.3Acommonlanguage,offeringnewtools ............................................................. 48 4.4.4.4Dynamicstructure,non‐linearity,continuityandself‐organization:new principlesforthedecidingbrain ....................................................................................... 49 4.5Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 51 4.5.1Theoretical51objections .................................................................................................... 4.5.2Thepracticalobjection:54complexity ............................................................................. 4.6Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 55 Chapter5Thedynamicsofcognitivecontrol:evidenceforwithintrialconflict adaptationfromfrequencytaggedEEG........................................................................ 56 5.1Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 56 5.2Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 56 5.3Methods................................................................................................................................... 60 5.3.1Participants...................................................................................................................... 60 5.3.2ApparatusandStimuli .................................................................................................. 60 5.3.3Design .............................................................................................................................. 61 5.3.4Procedure......................................................................................................................... 62 5.3.5Dataacquisitionandanalysis ....................................................................................... 63 5.465Results ..................................................................................................................................... 5.4.1Response65times ............................................................................................................... 5.4.2SSVEPamplitudes.......................................................................................................... 66 5.5Simulation ............................................................................................................................... 68 5.6Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 71 Chapter6Howdecisionsevolve:thetemporaldynamicsofactionselection.............. 77 6.1Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 77 6.2Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 77 6.3Experiment1........................................................................................................................... 79

6.3.1Methods ........................................................................................................................... 80 6.3.1.1Participants ............................................................................................................... 80 6.3.1.2ApparatusandStimuli............................................................................................ 80 6.3.1.3Procedure .................................................................................................................. 80 6.3.1.4DataPreprocessing .................................................................................................. 82 6.3.2Results.............................................................................................................................. 82 6.3.3Discussion........................................................................................................................ 87 6.4Experiment2........................................................................................................................... 88 6.4.1Methods ........................................................................................................................... 89 6.4.1.1Participants ............................................................................................................... 89 6.4.1.2ApparatusandStimuli............................................................................................ 89 6.4.1.3Procedure .................................................................................................................. 89 6.4.1.4DataPreprocessing .................................................................................................. 90 6.4.2Results.............................................................................................................................. 90 6.4.3Discussion........................................................................................................................ 94 6.5GeneralDiscussion ................................................................................................................ 94 Chapter7Dynamicgoalstates:adaptingcognitivecontrolatdifferenttimescales withoutconflictmonitoring............................................................................................ 97 7.1Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 97 7.2Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 97 7.3Conflict‐adaptationwithoutconflict‐monitoring............................................................ 100 7.4Simulations ........................................................................................................................... 102 7.4.1Modelandhypotheses................................................................................................. 102 7.4.2Simulatedparadigm .................................................................................................... 104 7.4.3Simulation1 .................................................................................................................. 105 7.4.4ResultsSimulation1..................................................................................................... 105 7.4.5Simulation2 .................................................................................................................. 109 7.4.6ResultsSimulation2..................................................................................................... 110 7.5Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 112 Chapter8Generaldiscussion .............................................................................................. 115 8.1Summaryoftheoreticalresults .......................................................................................... 116 8.2Summaryofempiricalfindings ......................................................................................... 117 8.3Discussionofempiricalfindings ....................................................................................... 120 Chapter9Conclusionandoutlook ..................................................................................... 123 9.1Implicationsofthedynamicapproachtodecisionmakingunderconflict ................. 123 9.1.1Investigatingmicrotimescalesandintegratingacrosstimescales ...................... 124 9.1.2Investigatinginteraction125dynamics ........................................................................... 9.2Currentandfutureprojects ................................................................................................ 127 9.2.1Thedynamicsofdecisionmakingunderconflict.................................................... 127 9.2.2Makingitreal:thedynamicsofvaluebaseddecisionmaking .............................. 128

VII

9.3Theresultingdynamicpicture:aself‐organizingbalancesolvingdilemmasof decisionmaking ......................................................................................................................... 129 References ...................................................................................................................................... 130 DeutscheZusammenfassung ..................................................................................................... 153 AppendixISupplementarymaterialforchapter5 ................................................................ 159 AppendixIIModelformulasforchapter7.............................................................................. 163

Figures

Figure1.Conflictrelatedeffectsatdifferenttimescales.......................................................................14 Figure2.Thecoreprocessingstagesofdecisionmaking .....................................................................20 Figure3.Thestatespaceofadynamicdecisionsystem .......................................................................32 Figure4.Thestatespaceofadynamicdecisionsystemwithtwounequallyvaluedoptions. .......33 Figure5.Thereducedstatespaceofthedynamicdecisionsystem ....................................................35 Figure6.Abifurcationdiagram ...............................................................................................................36 Figure7.Abifurcationdiagramillustratinghysteresis. .......................................................................37 Figure8.Perturbationofthesystem................................38........tats...e.................................................... Figure9.Smallperturbation .....................................................................................................................39 Figure10.Ametastabledecisionsystem.................................................................................................40 Figure11.ThesetupofaDST‐informedexperiment ............................................................................44 Figure12.Experimentalsetup(A)andhypothesizedSSVEPwaveforms(B). ..................................61 Figure13.Responsetimes. ........................................................................................................................66 Figure14SSVEPamplitudecontrasts......................................................................................................68 Figure15.SSVEPamplitudecontrastsofsimulatedsurrogatedata. ..................................................70 Figure16.GrandaverageSSVEPtopographiesfor12Hz(A)and9Hz(B). .....................................71 Figure17.Setupoftheexperiment. .........................................................................................................81 Figure18.SummaryofRTandmousedata............................................................................................83 Figure19.Regressorweightsandtrajectoryangleovertime...............................................................86 Figure20.SummaryofRTandmousedata............................................................................................92 Figure21.Regressorweightsandtrajectoryangleovertime...............................................................93 Figure22.Outlineofthemodelinaconflicttasksituationasimplementedhere. .........................103 Figure23.RTresultsofsimulation1. ....................................................................................................106 Figure24.Activationtrajectoriesattheinputlevel. ............................................................................107 Figure25.Activationtrajectoriesattheresponselevel. ......................................................................108 Figure26.Statespaceofthegoallayersubsystem. .............................................................................109 Figure27.Resultsofparameterchangesonthestabilityofgoalactivations...................................111 Figure28.Correlationofconflictandcontrolinthenexttrial. ..........................................................113 Figure29.RegressiononRTintheSimontaskofchapter6...............................................................118 Figure30.DynamicsinsimulatedSSVEPsandmousetrajectories...................................................121

IX