COST 92

Directorate-General For Research And Innovation European Commission

Description

Dietary fibre and fermentation in the colon: Proceedings of COST Action 92 workshop, Espoo, Finland, 15 to 17 June 1995
Medical and biological research

Sujets

• Human nutrition
• Medical research
• Research program
• Médecine

Informations

• Publié par: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-RESEARCH-AND-INNOVATION-EUROPEAN-COMMISSION
• Nombre de lectures: 25
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

Extrait

COST
European Cooperation
on Scientific European Commission
and Technical Research
COST Action 92
Dietary fibre and fermentation in the colon
Proceedings of COST Action 92 workshop
Espoo, Finland
15 to 17 June 1995
Edited by
Y Mälkki
Lyökkiniemi 24, FIN-02160 Espoo, Finland
and
J. H. Cummings
Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre
Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, United Kingdom European Commission
Directorate-General XII
Science, Research and Development
COST Action 92
Dietary fibre and fermentation in the colon
Proceedings of COST Action 92 workshop
Espoo, Finland
15 to 17 June 1995
Edited by
Y. Mälkki
Lyökkiniemi 24, FIN-02160 Espoo, Finland
and
J. H. Cummings
Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre
Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, United Kingdom
Scientific and organizing committee
Antti Aro, Finland
Jean-Luc Barry, France
John H. Cummings, United Kingdom
Wim van Dokkum, The Netherlands
Yrjö Mälkki, Finland
Remi De Schrijver, Belgium
Zoltán Somogyi, European Commission
Matti Uusitupa, Finland
A workshop in the framework of the COST Action 92 (1990-95)
'Metabolic and physiological effects of dietary fibre in foods'
1996 Published by the
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Directorate-General XII
Science, Research and Development
B-1049 Brussels
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the European Commission nor any person acting
on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of
the following information
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996
ISBN 92-827-6931-3
© ECSC-EC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1996
Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes,
provided the source is acknowledged
Printed in Portugal FOREWORD
Since its inception in 1971 COST has successfully co-ordinated research in science and
technology across Europe. COST 92 "Metabolic and Physiological Effects of Dietary
Fibre" was set up in 1990 and today, at its conclusion, there are 15 member countries
represented on its Management Committee. During the past 5 years COST has
developed considerably with increased financial and administrative support for COST
actions from Brussels. As a result of this COST 92 has been able to sponsor a series of
7 Workshops and Symposia focusing on various aspects of dietary fibre research as
well as funding inter laboratory visits and has helped to both stimulate and co-ordinate
research activities across Europe. Arising from these activities are 7 publications of
which this present volume is the last.
The dietary fibre concept has been a revolutionary one stimulating much research over
the past 25 years. In perhaps no other field however has its input to our understanding
of disease been more dramatic than in the large bowel. Fermentation of dietary fibre
alongside that of the more recently discovered resistant starch and oligosaccharides, is
the major event controlling large bowel function and has identified the colon as a
digestive organ in humans.
Arising from fermentation are a whole range of products which affect bowel habit,
water and electrolyte absorption in the colon, epithelial cell growth and differentiation,
steroid metabolism and there are possible effects on distant organs such as liver, breast
and muscle. From the microbiology and biochemistry of faeces the story of
fermentation has now evolved to include the techniques of modern cell and molecular
biology.
Much however remains to be done as participants in the Workshop held in Espoo near
Helsinki repeatedly emphasized. We hope that readers of this volume, which
represents the collective reports of papers and posters at the meeting, will feel
encouraged to plan new research in this field.
Yrjö Mälkki
John Cummings
Espoo, Finland
Cambridge, UK CONTENTS
Page
Foreword 1
1. Factors affecting colon microflora 9
An overview of the composition and activities of the human colonic 11
microbiota. G.R. Gibson
Amount and composition of substrates entering the colon. H. Andersson, 24
/. Bosaeus, L. Eliegård, A.M.Langkilde and T. Schweizer
Ileal excretion of energy and composition of substrate in ileostomy subjects 28
consuming diets with different content of resistant starch. A.M. Langkilde,
F. Guillen, H. Andersson and M. Champ
Substrates available for colonic fermentation from oat and barley diets. 33
A study in ileostomy subjects. Å. Lia, G. Hallmans, A.-S. Sandberg,
B. Sundberg, P. Aman and H. Andersson
Effect of dietary fibre on microbial activity and glycosidase activities in 37
various regions of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. B. Borg Jensen
The effect of probiotics on colon microflora. T. Mattila-Sandholm and 42
S. Salminen.
Acid tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the presence of oat bran. 51
J. Jaskari, T. Mattila-Sandholm, H. Salovaara and K. Poutanen
Effects of oat bran and rye bran diet on intestinal Lactobacillus and 55
Bifidobacterium flora of Whistar rats. E.-L. Ryhänen, S. Mantere-Alhonen
and H. Salovaara
Hydrogen metabolism in the colon. M. Durand, A. Bernalier and J. Dore 58
Hydrogen metabolism by acetogenic bacteria from the human colon. 71
M. Ledere, A. Bernalier, G. Donadille and J.P. Grivet
2. Fermentation and its products 77
Fermentation products in the large intestine: An overview. R. De Schrijver 79 Methods available for measuring fermentation and its potential effects in the 94
colon. C.J. Rumney
Influence of a simulated digestion procedure on in vitro colonic fermentation 101
patterns. V. Lebet, F. Jörger, E. Arrigoni, C. Wenk and R. Amadò
Dietary fibre: Relationships between intrinsic characteristics and fermentation 110
pattern. F. Guillon, F. Cloutour and J.-L. Barry
Catabolite regulatory mechanisms in relation to polysaccharide breakdown and 117
carbohydrate utilization. G.T. Macfarlane andB.A. Degnan
Production of short-chain fatty acids from dietary fibre in the human large 130
bowel. P. Brøbech Mortensen and I. Nordgaard
Short-chain fatty acids and lactic acids in the effluent of ileostomists. 140
LV. Glitsø , K.E. Bach Knudsen, E. Lundin, J.-X. Zhang
and G. Hallmans
Increased colonic production of butyrate from dietary fibre (Plantago) in 144
patients with former colonic cancer. /. Nordgaard, H. Hove, M.R. Clausen
and P.B. Mortensen
Short-chain fatty acids formation and absorption: model experiments with pigs. 146
K.E. Bach Knudsen
Caecal content of short-chain fatty acids in rats fed three different raw and 159
processed plant foods. H. N. Johansen, K.E. Bach Knudsen and B.O. Eggum
Integration of ileum cannulated pigs and in vitro fermentation to predict the 163
effect of diet composition on the amount of energy available from the microbial
fermentation in the large intestine. D. N. Christensen, K.E. Bach Knudsen and
B. B. Jensen
Fermentation of dietary fibre and short-chain fatty acid production in rats 167
M. Nyman, A. Berggren, I. Björck and B.O. Eggum
Short-chain fatty acid content and pH in caecum of rats fed probiotics before 171
and after antibiotic treatment. A. Berggren, I. Björck, M. Nyman, G. Molin
and M.-L. Johansson
Intestinal degradation of polyphenols. F.D. Saura-Calixto and L. Bravo 174
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