Military agency, politics and the state [Elektronische Ressource] : the case of Pakistan / vorgelegt von: Ejaz Hussain

Ejaz Hussain

Informations

• Publié par: ruprecht-karls-universitat_heidelberg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 80
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Military Agency, Politics and the State:
The Case of Pakistan



Inauguraldissertation

zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer. pol.

im Fach Politikwissenschaft

vorgelegt von:


Ejaz Hussain, M.A.


Eingereicht an der

Fakultät für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften

der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg

im Sommer Semester 2010








Erstgutachter: Prof. Subrata K. Mitra, Ph.D. (Rochester, U.S.A.)
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Aurel Croissant


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“…Whatever community, caste or creed you belong to you are now the [civil] servants of
Pakistan. Servants can only do their duties and discharge their responsibilities by serving.
Those days have gone when the country was ruled by the [civil] bureaucracy. It is people‟s
Government, responsible to the people…do your duty as servants; you are not concerned
with this political or that political party; that is not your business…you are not rulers. You do
not belong to the ruling class; you belong to the servants.” [italics mine]


M.A. Jinnah‟s address to the
Gazetted officers,
25 March 1948






“…I would like to take the opportunity of refreshing your memory by reading the prescribed
oath to you. “ I solemnly affirm, in the presence of Almighty God, that I owe allegiance to
the Constitution and Dominion of Pakistan (mark the words Constitution and the Government
of the Dominion of Pakistan) and that I will as in duty bound honestly and faithfully serve in
the Dominion of Pakistan [Armed] Forces and go within the terms of my enrolment wherever
I my be ordered by air, land or sea and that I will observe and obey all command of any
officer set over me…..”…if you have time enough you should study the Government of India
Act, as adapted for use in Pakistan, which is our present Constitution, that the executive
authority flows from the head of the Government of Pakistan, who is the Governor-General
and, therefore, any command or orders that may come to you cannot come without the
sanction of the Executive Head. This is the legal position.” [italics mine]


M.A. Jinnah‟s address to the
Officers of the Staff College,
Quetta, 14 June 1948





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Acknowledgements
When I was a kid, growing up in Punjabi culture where family values are highly esteemed,
my mother disclosed to me once that I have three fathers. I was simply non-pulsed. Having
seen my anxiety turning into suspicion, she, with a meaningful smile on her face, categorized
and termed the three-father syndrome as follows: 1) your biological father, 2) your (would-
be) father-in-law and 3) your teacher(s). To my surprise and amusement, the existence of the
phenomenon and practice of Doktorvater in Germany made me realize, on the one hand, the
reverence for a teacher and hence knowledge and, on the other, the beauty that such a title
carries even in a non-South Asian cultural setting.

Thus, in view of the above, it shall be morally akin to disrespect, if not disobedience, not to
pay my heartiest regards to my Doktorvater, Prof Subrata Kumar Mitra, who formally
introduced me to the domain of professional political science. Moreover, his logical emphasis
on the importance of the Rational Choice theory further strengthened my (rational) conviction
in the latter‟s explanatory utility. In addition, his timely guidance as regards the choice and
application of research methods further helped me a great deal in terms of ensconcing
empirical data with theory/model. Importantly, to me Prof Mitra is more than a Doktorvater.
In a purely South Asian cultural/intellectual jargon, he is my Guru- the one who made me
learn from him, both expressly and tacitly, the comparative difference between politics and
political science, political science and the politics of political science, reason and ignorance,
rationality and irrationality, the sacred and secular and respect for (other) people and
perspectives and bigotry, conceit and the negativity of ego. Not only this, the Guru made me
learn how to figure out possible similarity between two objects, at the minimum, and two
cases/cultures, at the maximum.

Nonetheless, since knowledge-seeking is a continuous process than a product, it shall be
extremely inappropriate to exclude Prof Aurel Croissant from the list of my teachers. I am
deeply indebted to Prof Croissant for formally introducing me to an altogether different world
of civil-military relations. Also, the value of organization and participation that I learnt from
his colloquiums, which he allowed me to attend, shall serve as a practical guide. In addition, I
am thankful to him for becoming my second marker. Here, I would also like to pay my
deepest regards to Prof Dietmar Rothermund who took time to not only read parts of my
thesis but also blessed me with his valuable comments and practical guidelines- and that too
over a cup of coffee. Also, I appreciate the way he posted me his letters of recommendation.
To conclude the list of teachers, I would like to pay homage to Dr Ayesha Siddiqa who
remained, as always, a source of intellectual inspiration and struggle against authoritarianism,
both military and civilian.

Besides teachers, the list of colleagues and friends who helped me, one way or the other, is
very long. At its top sits (Dr) Jivanta Schöttli who, like a good South Asian, took the pain to
read a significant part of my thesis. Moreover, her timely comments and questions helped me
further improve upon the text. As regards comments and general observations, I also thank
David Kuehn, Mada Sukmajati, (Dr) Siegfried O. Wolf, Imran Iqbal (Leeds University),
Adeel Faheem (LUMS) and Farhan Sarwar (Lund University). Since moral encouragement is
much-needed during especially the write-up phase, I was lucky to have too many around me.
Hence, I would like to thank- besides my parents, sister and brother, and a coterie of cousins-
(Dr) Clemens Spiess, Dr Wiqar Ali Shah, Dr Inayatullah Baloch, Dr Thierry DiCostanzo
(Université de Strasbourg), Dr Kristina Jönsson (Lund University), Anna Løsnæs (Oslo),
Azhar Shah, Anja Kluge, Altaf Qadar, Abrar Bhatti, Ch Yunus, Lionel Koenig, Florian iv
Britsch, Ivo Bielitz, Dr Khokhar, Markus Pauli, (Dr) Markus Franke, (Dr) Malte Pehl, (Dr)
Thomas Bauer, Sergio Mukherjee, Soumen Mukherjee, Bashir Ahmed, Lu Yang, (Dr) Ali
Qasmi, (Dr) Tahir Noor, Nasrullah Mirza, Dr Yousaf Khushk, Kashif, Khurrum, Gulfam,
Nafees, Rana Arshad, Ahmed, Amarah, Katharina, Kiran, Kathi, Nadia, Farida, Syed Arshad,
Malik Majeed, Dr Khalid Sanjarani, Yasir Bhatti, Sayyar Khan, Sarmad, Nisar, Faran, Uzair,
and Farah.

Besides, I would like to thank all the interviewees for their time and valuable input. In this
respect, the help from Adil Ali, Asim Ali, Yahya and Ch Yousaf is much appreciated.
Moreover, a special thank goes to Dr Farooq Ahmad Kiani who, despite being busy with his
post-doctoral assignments, took time to help me manage statistical data. Without his help, the
process would have taken much time. Hamza and Dr Sajjad deserve many thanks for their
assistance with graphics and design.

In addition, I would like to thank the library staff- of South Asia Institute as well as the
Heidelberg University- who took extra-care to provide me with much-needed books and
archival material. Also, the help that I got from the staff of Studentenwerk is much
appreciated. Furthermore, it shall be inappropriate here not to mention Barbara Neef who
helped me with the faculty related concerns. Finally, my special thank to Ursula Schmitt-
Köhler for helping me with Prof Mitra‟s letters of recommendation for the DAAD. I would
like to express my gratitude to DAAD for their financial support without which it would have
been almost impossible to accomplish my doctoral studies the way it is done.






Ejaz Hussain

Heidelberg, August 2010











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Contents

Acknowledgements