Modern research as illustrating the Bible

S. R. (Samuel Rolles) Driver

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• Bible
• Palestine
• Antiquities

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• Publié par: les_archives_du_savoir
• Nombre de lectures: 5
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 9 Mo

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Kesearch asModern illustrating
the Bible
LJMMKY
XNOXOOLUBQfc,
Litt.D.The Rev. S. R. D.D.,Driver,
Professor of HebrewRegius
Oxfordand Canon of Christ Church,
of the BritishFellow Academy
LecturesThe Schweich
1908
London
BritishPublished for the Academy
PressOxfordFrowde, UniversityBy Henry
E.G.Amen Corner,
1909: HORACE HARTOXFORD
TO THE UNIVERSITYPRINTERPREFATORY NOTE
THE Trust was founded in in of the lateSchweich 1907 memory
J
of Paris. The c theMr. Schweich, 10,000Leopold constituting
whichTrust was handed over to the British toAcademy, agreed
and administer the Trust. The Trust Fund is to be devoted
accept
to the furtherance of research in the art,archaeology, history,
and literature of Ancient Civilization with reference tolanguages,
Biblical and a of the annual income of the TrustStudy ; portion
has been to not less than three lectures to beappropriated providing
delivered on some within the of the
annually subject coming scope
which the Trust is intended to The Council ofobjects promote.
the British done me the honour of me toAcademy having inviting
deliver the of Icourse Schweich Lectures,introductory thought
that a suitable line for me to take would tobe, (Lecture I)firstly
some account of the that had been made the
give progress during
in the branches of research enumerated in thepast century principal
Trust and afterwards II and to an outlinedeed, (Lectures III) give
of the new which had obtainedPalestine beenknowledge respecting
from and from the excavations
recently, partly inscriptions, partly
in Palestine which had formed the last ten suchitself, during years
an and of inimportant interesting development archaeological
It will be understood that in accounts of the
vestigation. my
inexcavations Palestine I am thedependent entirely upon reports
the excavators themselves. I have endeavoured to suni-given by
as well as I could within the thelimits atmari/e, my disposal,
results which had been : but it must be rememberedprincipal gained
where there are no us what thethat, inscriptions telling distinctly
found mistakes are and some of the conclusionswere,objects possible,
reached in the of further have to be revised.may light knowledge
I have ventured here and there to whichindicate conclusions ought
thefor to be as Anperhaps present regarded adequateprovisional.
account of the of and of the sometimes difficultPalestine,pottery
in connexion with even had it been withinquestions arising it, my
to could not be included it beit, ;power give obviously perhaps may
a 2iv PREFATORY NOTE
a suitable to be dealt with an infound to form subject by expert
Lectures.some course of Schweichsubsequent
second and third Lectures were illustrated lantern-slides.byMy
in the volume I enable readers toThe illustrations will,present hope,
otherwise the nature of thebetter than couldrealixe, do, placesthey
and described the are selected from those shown at
;objects majority
some are new. In most cases I am indebted tothe butLectures,
which are taken forthe of the books from they grantingpublishers
me facilities for their but a few of those taken from;reproduction
are based taken here for the
foreign publications upon negatives
lantern-slides from the themselves. The blocks for three
publications
of from Tell Taannek were lent methe illustrations very kindly by
the and Historical of the ViennaDepartment AcademyPhilosophical
of Sciences the other illustrations from the same volume were
;
in the first instance for theobtained from takennegatives purpose
mentioned. I must also in conclusion indebtednessexpress myjust
Lecturer in Hebrew and at Gonvilleto Mr. A. Cook,Stanley Syriac
and Gains and editor of the StatementCambridge, QuarterlyCollege,
of the for second and thirdPalestine Fund,Exploration reading my
out of his wideLectures in and me of theoffering knowledgeproof,
of Palestine various criticisms and which
archaeology suggestions
have in most utilized.I cases gratefully
S. R. DRIVER.
CHRIST OXFORD.CHURCH,
December 1908.17,CONTENTS
LECTURE I
SKETCH THE PROGRESS OF RESEARCH DURIXG THE PAST CENITRYOF
onPart I. Sketch of the of research bearingprincipal departments
thethe Bible, during past century (pp. 1-1(5).pursued
1 and RomanRise of the of thrown on Greekresearch, ; lightspirit
civilization the of and and excavaby discovery inscriptions papyri, by
2 of andtion of historical sites, ; decipherment Egyptian Assyrian
both in to the of two1802,inscriptions, begun leading rediscovery
ofand civilizations 3-7antiquity, ; Phoenician,great important
and ancient Arabic theAramaic, inscriptions, variously illustrating
and in 8-9 foundationOld 7 travelTestament, 5 exploration Palestine, ;
9of the Palestine Fund and the German Palastina-Verein, ;Exploration
of Palestine and 9 excavation in Palestinescientific Sinai, ;surveys
since 10 rise of the science of textual and
; criticism,1890, philological
11-14 idioms of the Newof the of the Bible, ;study languages
Testament illustrated from and 14 thrown
;inscriptions papyri, light
to their ofthe relation of the Hebrews theneighbours by studyupon
15.inscriptions,
thePart II. Illustrations of the to Biblical science fromgain
discoveries of the last sixty years (pp. 16-31).
on Shal-The tribute of mentioned the Black Obelisk ofJehu,
maneser Hoshea raised to the throne16-17; ;II, byTiglath-Pileserlll,18
to the of detailedascertained be 18conqueror Samaria, ;Sargon
of the in which Sennacherib attacked Jerusalem,particulars campaign
19 of the Books of rectifiedthe the
; chronology Kings by Assyrian
the of Mesha Moabite Stone 21 the20; ;annals, Inscription (the ),
and inCreation discovered 1872-3Deluge tablets, by Smith,George
23 illustrations of Acts xix from found in at; 187722, inscriptions
ideas24 and23, ; Belshazzar,Ephesus, prevalent respecting Cyrus,
Darius the Mede corrected in 1880by inscriptions published by
Mr. 25 thrown on ofthePinches, ; light recently dynastiesearly
26 sites of Pithoin and Goshen determined in 1883 and 1885
;Babylon,
M. 26 Code of atdiscovered Susa inby Naville, ; Hammurabi, 1901,
26-7 documents the existence of a Jewish settled at
; revealing colony
in in fifth . inthe discoveredElephantine Upper Egypt century c.,
1904 Dr. 28 sent this to the Persian
;by Mond, petition by colony
of Jerusalem in 408 n. c. for to rebuild theirgovernor permission
discovered in 29 in 190(5 and of Hittite
; 1907temple, 1907, discovery
atand in Asia the oldBabylonian Boghaz-keui Minor,inscriptions
of the 31.capital Hittites,
LECTURE II
AS KXOWX THROUGH IXSCRIITIOXS AXD EXCAVATIOX . .CAXAAX,
The Tell el-Amarna discovered in 32 throwntablets, 1887, ; light by
them the relations of Western and the condition ofAsia,upon politicalCONTENTSvi
Canaan in the fifteenth u. c., 33-7; throughcentury expeditions
of33 of Seti I and Rameses 37Canaan of Thothmes ;III, ; II, treaty
made of various inRaineses II with the 37-8 mentionHittites, ; places
a written in the of RamesesCanaan in The Travels II,of Mohur, reign
the mentions the38 the Pharaoh of; Exodus,Merenptah, probably
of in and the desolation of 38-9.Israel,places Canaan,capture
: 41 TellExcavation in Canaan ;places excavated, 40,principal
ofthe mound of cities 42 contains the remains
;el-Hesy, many , 41,
from to 400 oneeleven 1700 B.C.cities, B.C., resting upondating
4041-5 in all the site of the ancient ;; Lachish, 45,another, probability
of its site 4(5 its
;Gezer, by Clermont-Ganneau, strategicdiscovery
sevennotices of Gezer in the Old 45-647 ; Testament, ;importance,
of at 49 two lowest to thestrata remains Gezer, ; strata, belonging
ofNeolithic 49 inhabitants at this time character; cave-dwellers,age,
their third and fourth from about51-3civilization, ; strata, dating
the2000 to 1200 indications of an settlement in53;B.C., Egyptian
of Palestine 2000 and 1800 thesouth-east between B.C., 53-4; city-
walls of 54-0 of the Phoenician Ashtoreth;Gezer, figures goddess
infound at Gezer in the fourth 56-7 herstratum, 5 worship(Astarte)
other of Canaan and 57-9.parts elsewhere,
LECTURE III
AS KNOWN THROUGH AND EXCAVATIONINSCRIPTIONSCANAAN,
60.........(continued)
notices of them in the Old and whatHigh places, Testament, they
60-1 on the rocks above 61-2were, ; Petra, ; high placehigh place
of with niazzehahx or 62-5 ;Gezer, (standing-stones, pillars ), standing-
atstones found elsewhere in 65 remains of
;Canaan, high places
and sites inother ancient 65-7 ;Mizpah, Gibeon, Canaan, jars containing
fifth andbones of infants found at and 68Taanacli, ;Gezer, Megiddo,
sixth strata the of the Israelite of Canaan,represent period occupation
09 andskeletons found buried under walls at
; Gezer, Taanach,
foundation and bowl69-70 72Megiddo, ; sacrifices, 71, ; lamp deposits,
their tombs of unusual those72-3 ;supposed symbolism, type, perhaps
of at found atdiscovered 73-4Philistines, Gezer, ; jar-handles,stamped
Tell es-Safi and other the work of theplaces, possibly royal potters
mentioned in 1 Chron. iv. Rhodian found74-7 nume