Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Regulation of glucose and fat metabolism in the liver by Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) and impact of dietary influence [Elektronische Ressource] / Haiam Omar Mohamed Elkatry. Betreuer: Dietrich Knorr

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• Publié par: technische_universitat_berlin
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 38
• Langue: English
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Regulation of glucose
and fat metabolism in the liver by Carbohydrate
Response Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) and
impact of dietary influence
Vorgelegte Dissertation von
Haiam Omar Mohamed Elkatry, M.Sc.
aus Kairo (Ägypten)
von der Fakultät III – Prozesswissenschaften, Institut für
Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie
der Technischen Universität Berlin
zur Erlangung der akademischen Grades
Doktor der Naturwissenschaften
-Dr. rer. nat.-
genehmigte Dissertation
Promotionsausschuss:
Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Leif-Alexander Garbe
Berichterstatter : Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Dietrich Knorr
Berichterstatter : Prof. Dr. Andreas Pfeiffer
Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 23.09.2011
Berlin 2011
D83Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Regulation of glucose
and fat metabolism in the liver by Carbohydrate
Response Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) and
impact of dietary influence
Submission from
Haiam Omar Mohamed Elkatry, M.Sc.
from Cairo (Egypt)
Faculty III - Process Science, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry,
Technical University of Berlin,
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree Academic of Doctor in Natural Science (Food Science)
-Dr. rer. nat.-
Approved Thesis
This work has been approved by:
Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Leif-Alexander Garbe
Berichterstatter : Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Dietrich Knorr
Berichterstatter : Prof. Dr. Andreas Pfeiffer
Date of Examination: 23.09.2011
Berlin 2011
D83Zusammenfassung
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Deregulationen in der Leberlipidsynthese sind häufig mit Adipositas und
Diabetes Typ 2 verbunden und daher ist ein detailliertes Verständnis der beteiligten,
regulierenden Stoffwechselwege sehr wichtig, um künftig potentielle therapeutische
Targets zu identifizieren. Die Leber ist der wichtigste Ort für den
Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel (Glykolyse und Glykogen-Synthese) sowie Triglycerid-
Synthese (Lipogenese). Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP)
wurden in die Regulation durch Glucose der glykolytischen und lipogenen Gene
einbezogen, einschließlich der codierten l-Pyruvatkinase (L-PK) und
Fettsäuresynthase (FAS). In den letzten zehn Jahren konnte anhand verschiedener
Untersuchungen bewiesen werden, dass Nährstoffe, vor allem Glukose und Fettsäuren
in der Lage sind, hepatische Genexpressionen in einer Transkriptionsart zu regulieren.
Diätetische mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren (PUFAs) sind potente Inhibitoren der
hepatischen Lipogenese und Glykolyse. Das Ziel unserer Untersuchungen war es,
einen Test zu entwickeln , bei dem die Aktivierung von ChREBP durch die Analyse
von cytoplasmatic – nuclear translocation of a green fluorescence– zu ChREBP
Hybrid-Protein (ChREBP-GFP) überwacht wird. Der Einfluss verschiedener Zucker
und Süßstoffe (Glukose, Fruktose, Saccharin, Aspartam, Cyclamat, Steviosid),
einfach ungesättigter Fettsäuren [Oleate (C18: 1)] und mehrfach ungesättigter
Fettsäuren [Linoleat (C18: 2) , Eicosapentaensäure (C20: 5), Docosahexaensäure
(C22: 6)] und Polyphenole aus Olivenöl (Oleuropein) wurden auf die von geklonten
menschlichen ChREBP durch die Analyse der Translokation von ChREBP-GFP aus
dem Zytoplasma auf den Nukleus beurteilt und durch ein automatisches
Fluoreszenzmikroskop überwacht. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass hohe
Konzentrationen von Glukose, Fruktose, Cyclamat mit Insulin und Saccharin mit
bzw. ohne insulinstimulierenden ChREBP Gentranslokation aus dem Zytosol in den
Zellkern nachgewiesen wurden und eine erhöhte DNA-Bindung und transkriptioneller
Aktivität von ChREBP freisetzen. Andererseits gab es eine suppressive Wirkung von
Ölsäure und Eicosapentaensäure auf ChREBP Nukleustranslokation.
Schlüsselwörter: Alkoholfreie Fettleber, ChREBP translokation, glykolyse,
lipogenese, glucose, süßstoffe, olivenöl und mehrfach
ungesättigten Fettsäuren.
IAbstract
ABSTRACT
Deregulations in hepatic lipid synthesis are often associated with obesity and
type 2 diabetes, and therefore a perfect understanding of the regulation of this
metabolic pathway appears essential to identify potential therapeutic targets. The liver
is a major site for carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis and glycogen synthesis) and
triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis). Carbohydrate-responsive element–binding protein
(ChREBP) was implicated in the regulation by glucose of glycolytic and lipogenic
genes, including those encoding l-pyruvate kinase (L-PK) and fatty acid synthase
(FAS). In the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged to show that nutrients, in
particular, glucose and fatty acids, are able to regulate hepatic gene expression in a
transcriptional manner. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are potent
inhibitors of hepatic glycolysis and lipogenesis. The aim of my study was to establish
an assay to monitor the activation of ChREBP by analyzing cytoplasmatic –
nuclear translocation of a green fluorescence – ChREBP hybrid protein (ChREBP-
GFP). The influence of different of sugars and sweeteners (glucose, fructose,
saccharin, aspartame, cyclamate, stevioside), monounsaturated fatty acids [oleate
(C18:1)] and polyunsaturated fatty acids [linoleate (C18:2), eicosapentanoic acid
(C20:5), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6)] and polyphenols from olive oil (oleuropein)
on the activity of cloned human ChREBP was assessed by analyzing the translocation
of ChREBP-GFP from cytoplasm to nucleus which was monitored by an automatic
fluorescence microscope system. My results demonstrate that high concentration of
glucose, fructose, cyclamate with insulin and saccharine with or without insulin
stimulate ChREBP gene translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus, anabling
increased DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of ChREBP. On the other hand,
there were a suppressive effect of oleic and eicosapentanoic acids on ChREBP nuclear
translocation.
KEY WORDS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ChREBP translocation,
glycolysis, lipogenesis, glucose, sweeteners, olive oil and
polyunsaturated fatty acids.
IIAcknowledgements
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My study was carried out during the years 2007- 2011 as a scholarship from
Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan
University (Egypt) and the financial support from the Egyptian Ministry of High
Education are gratefully acknowledged.
I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Andreas Pfeiffer that he has
given me the opportunity to complete the thesis in the Department of Endocrinology,
Diabetes & Nutritional Medicine, Charité, CBF and for the encouragement,
exceptional ideas, and tireless optimism that have kept me going.
My sincere gratitude is due to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Dietrich
Knorr for his helping to register my thesis in Department of Food Biotechnology and
Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Faculty
of Process Engineering, Berlin University of Technology, Germany.
I would like to express my deepest and sincere appreciation to Dr. Volker
Bähr for the continuous support, scientific advice, providing the necessary laboratory
facilities, guiding the experimental work, continuous supervision and every possible
help throughout this work.
Special thanks to Dr. Christiane Bumke-Vogt for guiding the experimental
work, solving the problems, and supervising this investigation. Her valuable advising
and kindly help are greatly appreciated.
I can not forget to extend my thanks to Dr. Martin Osterhoff for supporting the
establishment of the sequencing of the ChREBP vector.
To all present and former colleagues at the Department of Endocrinology,
Diabetes & Nutritional Medicine, Charité, CBF and Department of Clinical Nutrition,
German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIFE), I am thankful for providing a very
comfortable atmosphere to complete my work.
I am extremely grateful to the Egyptian Government and Missions Office for
the financial support during my studies in Germany, especially, Prof. Dr. Galal
Elgemeie and Prof. Dr. El Sayed Tag Eldin.
Gratitude is also extended to all staff members, my colleagues and workers of
the Home Economics Department, Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams
University, Egypt for their continuous encouragements.
IIIAcknowledgements
Finally, my sincere thanks and gratitude are for my parents, my dear husband
Abdelrahman Ahmed, my daughter Toqa and my son Ahmed throughout my studies
and during these years abroad. In spite of being away, they were always present for
their advices and encouragement during my stay in Germany.
Haiam Omar Mohamed Omar Elkatry
IVList of contents
LIST OF CONTENTS
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG .......................................................................................... I
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................. III
LIST OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................V
LIST OF FIGURES.............