Norm Orientation of Chinese English: a Sociohistorical Perspective Zhenjiang TIAN Norm Orientation of Chinese English: a Sociohistorical Perspective Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie im Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften (Institut für Englische Philologie) der Freien Unversität Berlin vorgelegt von: Zhenjiang Tian Berlin, November 2010 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Leitner Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Zydatiß Datum der Disputation: 2. Februar 2011 Acknowledgements I have benefited from the support of numerous people in the process of writing this dissertation. First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Gerhard Leitner, who provided me a generous opportunity to do my doctoral study in Berlin and used the facilities of English Department of the Free University, offered me many precious suggestions on how to carry out the study and how to make the dissertation well-organized. I am also indebted to Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Zydatiss, who read through the drafts of this dissertation, gave me valuable guidance, and did most organizing work for me. Special thanks also go to Prof. Dr. Azirah Hashim from University of Malaya for her helpful insights into the subject. My thanks also go to Dr. Shi Xin for his valuable introduction in reading the history of China. Thanks extend to Prof.