Orofacial neuropathic pain mouse model induced by Trigeminal Inflammatory Compression (TIC) of the infraorbital nerve

Ma Fei, Zhang Liping, Lyons Danielle, Westlund

Description

Trigeminal neuropathic pain attacks can be excruciating for patients, even after being lightly touched. Although there are rodent trigeminal nerve research models to study orofacial pain, few models have been applied to studies in mice. A mouse trigeminal inflammatory compression (TIC) model is introduced here which successfully and reliably promotes vibrissal whisker pad hypersensitivity. Results The chronic orofacial neuropathic pain model is induced after surgical placement of chromic gut suture in the infraorbital nerve fissure in the maxillary bone. Slight compression and chemical effects of the chromic gut suture on the portion of the infraorbital nerve contacted cause mild nerve trauma. Nerve edema is observed in the contacting infraorbital nerve bundle as well as macrophage infiltration in the trigeminal ganglia. Centrally in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, increased immunoreactivity for an activated microglial marker is evident (OX42, postoperative day 70). Mechanical thresholds of the affected whisker pad are significantly decreased on day 3 after chromic gut suture placement, persisting at least 10 weeks. The mechanical allodynia is reversed by suppression of microglial activation. Cold allodynia was detected at 4 weeks. Conclusions A simple, effective, and reproducible chronic mouse model mimicking clinical orofacial neuropathic pain (Type 2) is induced by placing chromic gut suture between the infraorbital nerve and the maxillary bone. The method produces mild inflammatory compression with significant continuous mechanical allodynia persisting at least 10 weeks and cold allodynia measureable at 4 weeks.

Sujets

• Infraorbital nerve
• Inflammation
• Nerve compression syndrome
• Trigeminal ganglion
• Trigeminal nerve nuclei
• Mice (disambiguation)
• Trigeminal neuralgia

Informations

• Publié par: biomed
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Maet al. Molecular Brain2012,5:44 http://www.molecularbrain.com/content/5/1/44

R E S E A R C HOpen Access Orofacial neuropathic pain mouse model induced by Trigeminal Inflammatory Compression (TIC) of the infraorbital nerve * Fei Ma, Liping Zhang, Danielle Lyons and Karin N Westlund

Abstract Background:Trigeminal neuropathic pain attacks can be excruciating for patients, even after being lightly touched. Although there are rodent trigeminal nerve research models to study orofacial pain, few models have been applied to studies in mice. A mouse trigeminal inflammatory compression (TIC) model is introduced here which successfully and reliably promotes vibrissal whisker pad hypersensitivity. Results:The chronic orofacial neuropathic pain model is induced after surgical placement of chromic gut suture in the infraorbital nerve fissure in the maxillary bone. Slight compression and chemical effects of the chromic gut suture on the portion of the infraorbital nerve contacted cause mild nerve trauma. Nerve edema is observed in the contacting infraorbital nerve bundle as well as macrophage infiltration in the trigeminal ganglia. Centrally in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, increased immunoreactivity for an activated microglial marker is evident (OX42, postoperative day 70). Mechanical thresholds of the affected whisker pad are significantly decreased on day 3 after chromic gut suture placement, persisting at least 10 weeks. The mechanical allodynia is reversed by suppression of microglial activation. Cold allodynia was detected at 4 weeks. Conclusions:A simple, effective, and reproducible chronic mouse model mimicking clinical orofacial neuropathic pain (Type 2) is induced by placing chromic gut suture between the infraorbital nerve and the maxillary bone. The method produces mild inflammatory compression with significant continuous mechanical allodynia persisting at least 10 weeks and cold allodynia measureable at 4 weeks. Keywords:Orofacial neuropathic pain, Infraorbital nerve, Inflammation, Nerve compression, Chromic gut suture, Mechanical allodynia, Trigeminal ganglia, Trigeminal nucleus, Mice, Hypersensitivy, Tic douloureux

Background Chronic orofacial pain regardless of the origin along the trigeminal nerve is particularly debilitating and often re fractory to treatment. While the cause of trigeminal neuropathic pain is often unknown, nerve trauma, com pression and/or demyelination are the most probable causes [1]. Using two loose chromic gut suture ligatures applied to the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve to promote orofacial hypersensitivity, Vos et al. [2] first adapted the widely used method referred to as the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model by Bennett and Xie [3] which is typically applied to the sciatic nerve in

* Correspondence: [e-mail] Department of Physiology MS508, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 405360298, USA

rats. Since that time several models have been developed for rodents using the inferior alveolar, mental, or the infraorbital as target nerves for injury models in orofa cial pain studies. However, these nerves and their whis ker pad receptive field testing areas are of much smaller size in mice compared to rats. Unlike the nerve constric tion surgery in rats, the small operating space and abun dant blood supply in the facial area make the mouse infraorbital nerve injury model particularly challenging. Thus, effective mouse models of chronic orofacial neuro pathic pain are limited. The method reported here pro vides a stable orofacial neuropathic pain model which better mimics clinical chronic orofacial neuropathic pain. Several other nerve injury methods have been applied to the infraorbital nerve in mice. While a constrictive nerve injury is reported for mice by Luiz et al. [4],

© 2012 Ma et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.