Participatory evaluation of sustainability of farming systems in the Philippines [Elektronische Ressource] / by Sonja Vilei

Svilei

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_hohenheim
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 17
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Participatory evaluation
of sustainability of farming systems
in the Philippines







Sonja Vilei













Institute for Farm Management, University of Hohenheim, 2010
From the Institute for Farm Management

University of Hohenheim

Section
Production Theory and Resource Economics
(Prof. Dr. S. Dabbert)









Participatory evaluation of sustainability of
farming systems in the Philippines










Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
“Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften”
(Dr. Sc. agr./ Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences)


to the
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences







by
Sonja Vilei (M.Sc.)

2010


3












































The following thesis has been accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree “Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften” by the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of
Hohenheim on 19/10/2010.

Date of oral examination: 18/11/2010
Supervisor and reviewer Prof. Dr. Stephan Dabbert
Co-reviewer Prof. Dr. Friedhelm Göltenboth
Additional examiner Prof. Manfred Zeller
Dean of studies and Head of the Examination Committee Prof. Dr. Michael KruseI
Acknowledgements
It seems clear to me that no one can accomplish the task of gaining a PhD all by himself, and so
the list of people I feel indebted to is long.
First of all I want to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Stephan Dabbert for taking me as a PhD
student and giving me the freedom to pursue a topic of my own interest, while still giving me
relevant advice and (financial) support to guarantee the tools necessary for accomplishing this
task. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Göltenboth, who set up the necessary contacts with the
Visayan State University (at that time Leyte State University) and the valued knowledge of this
region.
Of course, field work in the Philippines would not have been possible without the help of
many people there. I am very grateful to Dr. Paciencia Milan for welcoming me and my family
so heartily and ensuring us her support throughout our stay. Dr. Sally Bulayog helped me with
all the organising and many other small matters during my stay. Thanks goes also to Marlito
Bande for his profound inside knowledge of the Rainforestation Farming Project, to the staff of
ICRAF (especially Zorina), and to my many helpers (especially Maxile, Don and Lito). And not
to forget the most important group in the Philippines: the farmers, which were always welcom-
ing, and ready to answer my many questions during group discussions and interviews.
Last but not least I want to thank my husband, Dr. Sigmund Lose, for accompanying me to
the Philippines, giving me advice and support at all times, and taking care of our (at the time)
two wonderful children. II

















We shall never achieve harmony with land any more than we shall achieve justice or liberty for
people. In these higher aspirations the important thing is not to achieve, but to strive.

Aldo Leopold III
Table of contents

I Acknowledgements
III Table of Contents
V List of Abbreviations
V Included publications
1 1 Introduction
1 Background
Introduction to the general problem 1
Sustainability concepts, indicators and frameworks 2
7 Study site
9 Objective of the study
10 Outline of the thesis

13 2 Local perceptions of sustainability of farming systems on Leyte,
Philippines - divergences and congruencies between different
stakeholders
Abstract 13
Introduction 13
Methods 17
Study site 17
Framework for Indicator Identification and Stakeholder Involvement 19
Results 22
General 22
Analysis of results according to the different capital assets 22
Differences between farmers’ group ranking, farmers’ individual ranking and other stake-
holders’ ranking 27
Differences between ranking in the different study regions
30
Discussion and Conclusion 31
Differences between ranking results of farmers groups, famers individually and other
stakeholders 31
Methodological considerations 32
Acknowledgements 33

35 3 Involving stakeholders in developing sustainability indicators for
farming systems: a Philippine case study
Abstract 35
Introduction 35
Methods 37
The framework for indicator identification 37
Description of study site and farming systems 39
Identification of local indicators 41
Results 43
Summary of locally identified indicators 43
Natural capital indicators 44
Financiacapitaindicators 46 IV Table of content
Physical capital indicators 48
Human capitaindicators 49
Social capital indicators 51
Comparison of farming systems with selected indicators 52
Discussion and Conclusion 54
Methodological considerations 54
Comparison of farming systems 56
Acknowledgements 57

59 4 Adoptability and rentability of a complex agro-forestry system
for small-scale tree farmers, Leyte, Philippines
59 Abstract
59 Introduction
60 Methods
Study site 60
Rainforestation Farming 62
Survey participants and data gathering 63
Financial analysis 64
66 Results and Discussion
Management and Economics of Rainforestation Farms 66
Adoptability of Rainforestation Farming 70
72 Conclusions and Policy Implications
73 Acknowledgements
74 Appendices

77 5 Discussion and Conclusion
77 Methodological Considerations
78 Evaluation of sustainability of farming systems
80 The use of (locally identified) indicators
81 Conclusions

83 6 Summary

85 7 Zusammenfassung

89 8 References

95 Questionnaire
109 Photos
111 Curriculum Vitae



V
List of abbreviations

ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
Bdf board foot
CBFM Community Based Forest Management
DENR Department of Environment and National Resources
DFID ent for International Development
DSR Driving-Force/State/Response (Framework)
FA Farmer association
FESLM framework for evaluation of sustainable land management
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
FGD Focus group discussion
GTZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation
ICRAF World Agroforestry Center
ISFP Integrated Social Forestry Program
ITE Institute of Tropical Ecology
MAO Municipal Agricultural Office
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NPV Net Present Value
NSO National Statistics Office
PCA Philippine Coconut Authority
PHP ine Peso (100 PhP equal approximately 1.78 € on June 12, 2010)
RF Rainforestation Farming
SI Sustainability Indicators
SRL Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (framework)
ViSCA Visayas State College of Agriculture
VSU Visayas State University
WCED World Commission on Environment and Development


Included publications

Chapter 2: Vilei S. Local perceptions of sustainability of farming systems on Leyte, Philippines -
divergences and congruencies between different stakeholders. Submitted to International
Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology.

Chapter 3: Vilei S. Involving stakeholders in developing sustainability indicators for farming
systems: a Philippine case study. Published in International Journal of Sustainable develop-
ment (Volume 13, Issue 4, 2010, copyright Inderscience Publishers).

Chapter 4: Vilei S. Adoptability and rentability of a complex agro-forestry system for small-
scale tree farmers, Leyte, Philippines. Submitted to Agroforestry systems.