Pax6-dependent mechanisms in mammalian corticogenesis [Elektronische Ressource] / von Tran Cong Tuoc

Tcong

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: technische_universitat_carolo-wilhelmina_zu_braunschweig
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 71
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

Pax6-dependent mechanisms in mammalian corticogenesis
Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften
der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina
zu Braunschweig
zur Erlangung des Grades eines
Doktors der Naturwissenschaften
(Dr. rer. nat.)
genehmigte
D i s s e r t a t i o n
von Tran Cong Tuoc
aus Bac ninh / Vietnam
1. Referent: Prof. Dr. Hans-Henning Arnold
2. Prof. Dr. Martin Korte
eingereicht am: 06.06.2007
mündliche Prüfung (Disputation) am: 10.09.2007
Druckjahr 2007Diese Arbeit wurde am Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie
-Karl-Friedrich-Bonhoeffer-Institut-
in Göttingen
in der Abteilung für Molekulare Zellbiologie (Direktor: Prof. Dr. Peter Gruss),
Arbeitsgruppe Molecular Developmental Neurobiology (Gruppenleiter:
Prof. Dr. Anastassia Stoykova)
durchgeführt.
IAcknowledgements
This study was performed from January 2004 to May 2007 in the Research
Group Molecular Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Cell
Biology in the Max-Planck- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, under the
supervision of Prof. Dr. Anastassia Stoykova.
Upon the accomplishment of my Ph.D. career, I would first like to sincerely
acknowledge my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Anastassia Stoykova, who has brought
me to the most exciting research field and offered me a great project. I would
also like to thank her for her patient supervision as well as extensive support
both in this project and in daily life. During the time in her Lab, what I have
learned from her is not only the knowledge of neuroscience, but also scientific
skills to be a good scientist.
I would like to express my gratitude to the following people for their support
and assistance in my study:
- Martina Daniel, Silke Schlott, Silke Eckert for their outstanding
technical assistance.
- Heike Fett, Sigurd Hille, Sharif Mahsur, Dr Bernd Föhring, BTL teams
for their technical support.
- The members in department, especially, Dr. Kamal Chowdhury, Dr.
Lingfei Luo, Prof. Dr. Michael Kessel, Dr. Mara Pitulescu, Sven Pilarski,
Dr. Joachim Berger, Dr. Patrick Collombat, Dr. Ahmet Ucar, Andreas
Zembrzycki, Dr. Gundula Griesel, Dr. Ulrike Teichmann for their
valuable suggestions and discussions.
- B. Anderson, D. Anderson, I. Bach, R. Benezra, G. Bernier, D.
Bohmann, C. Kaznovski, R. Klein, J. Liu, T. Niikura, H. Okano, M.
Price, J. Rubenstein, V. Tarabykin for their generosities in providing
experimental materials.
- Collaborative scientists: Dr. Konstantin Radyushkin (MPI Göttingen),
Dr. Maria Carmen Piñon (University of Oxford), Prof. Dr. Zoltan Molnar
(University of Oxford), Prof. Dr. Michail Davidoff (University of
Hamburg) for providing me their unpublished data in the frame of the
IIproject “Layer-specific defects and behavioral abnormalities in the
cortex-specific Pax6 knock out mouse”
- Dr. Matthew Holt for his comments and correction of this script.
- Prof. Dr. Hans-Henning Arnold (TU Braunschweig) and Prof. Dr. Martin
Korte (TU Braunschweig) for their kind acceptance to grade this thesis
and to be involved in the thesis committee.
I sincerely say thanks to my wife and my brother for their persistent warm
support. When I was almost exhausted by experiments, they gave me most of
the consolations and motivation. They also shared with me many knotty duties
of the Asiatic traditional culture. Without their support, I would not have
finished my Ph.D. career successfully. Finally I am greatly indebted to my
parent for their moral and intellectual supports and their encouragements.
This thesis book is dedicated to my beloved parent.
IIITable of contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................II
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................5
1.1. MORPHOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DURING
EMBRYOGENESIS AND AT MATURITY.........................................................................5
1.2. PATTERNING OF THE CNS DURING DEVELOPMENT................................................7
1.3. NEUROGENESIS IN MAMMALIAN TELENCEPHALON10
1.4. NEUROGENESIS IN MAMMALIAN CORTEX.............................................................11
1.4.1. Neural stem cells ....................................................................................12
1.4.2. Neuronal differentiation...........................................................................14
1.4.3. Epigenetic factors in neurogenesis..........................................................15
1.4.4. Adult neurogenesis.................................................................................15
1.5. INTRODUCTION OF THE MAMMALIAN CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT..............................16
1.6. TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PAX6 .........................................................................18
1.6.1. Conserved function of Pax6 in evolution..................................................18
1.6.2. Pax6 in the mammalian forebrain............................................................20
1.6.2.1 Pax6 in the regional patterning of the forebrain....................................20
1.6.2.2 Pax6 in neuronal specification and cortical layers................................21
1.6.3. Molecular properties of the Pax6 protein .................................................22
1.6.4. Targets of Pax6 in development..............................................................25
1.7. POST-TRANSLATION MODIFICATION AND UBIQUITINATION OF PROTEIN...................26
1.8. THE AIMS OF STUDY .........................................................................................28
2. RESULTS..............................................................................................................29
2.1. TRANSGENIC SYSTEM FOR THE CONDITIONAL INACTIVATION OF PAX6 IN
CORTICAL PROGENITOR..................................................................... ...............29
2.2. PAX6 SPECIFIES THE UPPER CORTICAL LAYER NEURONS .....................................31
2.3. THE LACK OF PAX6 AFFECTS NORMAL NEURONAL OUTCOME AND THE
MIGRATION OF SUBPOPULATIONS OF IGL NEURONS ............................................34
2.4. ER81 ACTS DOWNSTREAM OF PAX6 IN A SUBPOPULATION OF L5 NEURONS IN
THE ROSTRAL CORTEX......................................................................................37
2.5. PATTERN DEFECT OF THE FRONTAL CORTEX IN PAX6CKO...................................42
2.6. DEFECT OF THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE PALLIAL LATE RG PROGENITORS IN
PAX6CKO MICE ...............................................................................................45
1
2.7. CYTOARCHITECTURE OF THE PAX6CKO CORTEX AT MATURITY ............................47
2.8. DEFECTS OF THE NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF PAX6CKO HIPPOCAMPUS........49
2.9. THE PAX6CKO CORTEX SHOWS MOLECULAR CAUDALIZATION BUT NORMAL
THALAMOCORTICAL TARGETINGS.......................................................................51
2.10. TRIM11 INTERACTS WITH PAX6 .........................................................................53
2.11. TRIM11 INDUCES UBIQUITINATION AND AFFECTS THE STEADY-STATE LEVELS OF
PAX6 PROTEIN.................................................................................................55
2.12. THE DEGRADATION OF PAX6 BY OVEREXPRESSION OF TRIM11 RESULTS IN
REPRESSION OF NEUROGENESIS59
2.13. TRIM11 IS A POTENTIAL DIRECT DOWNSTREAM GENE OF PAX6.............................62
3. DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................65
3.1 PAX6 IN THE NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND FORMATION OF CORTICAL LAYERS.....65
3.2 PAX6 IN CORTICAL AREALIZATION ......................................................................71
3.3 PAX6 IN NEUROGENESIS OF THE ADULT HIPPOCAMPUS........................................72
3.4 TRIM11 CONTROLS THE STABILITY OF PAX6 .......................................................74
3.5 THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF PAX6 AND TRIM 11 POSSIBLY INVOLVES AN
AUTOREGULATORY FEEDBACK LOOP..................................................................77
4. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................80
5. MATERIALS AND METHODS ...............................................................................82
5.1. OLIGOS, ANTIBODIES, PLASMIDS AND ANIMALS ...................................................82
5.1.1. Oligos.....................................................................................................82
5.1.2. Antibodies ..............................................................................................82
5.1.3. Anti-sense probes for ISH.......................................................................83
5.1.4. Plasmids.................................................................................................84
5.1.5. Animals ..................................................................................................84
5.2. METHODS FOR DNA S