La lecture à portée de main
Description
Informations
Publié par | technische_universitat_kaiserslautern |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2009 |
Nombre de lectures | 23 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 13 Mo |
Extrait
Phenothiazine, thiazolium and sulfonic acid
functionalized hybrid materials and their
applications in electronics, optics and catalysis
Dissertation zur Erlangung
des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.)
genehmigt vom Fachbereich Chemie
der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern
(D 386)
vorgelegt von
Zhou Zhou
Betreuer der Arbeit: Prof. Dr. W. R. Thiel
Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 23.04.2009
Kaiserslautern 2009
Vom Fachbereich Chemie der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern
am 23.04.2009 als Dissertation angenommen.
Dekan: Prof. Dr. W. E. Trommer
Vorsitzender der Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. H. Sitzmann
1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. W. R. Thiel
2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. S. Ernst
Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Fachbereich Chemie Technischen
Universität Kaiserslautern im Arbeitskreis von Prof. Dr. W. R. Thiel in
der Zeit von Februar 2006 bis Februar 2009 angefertigt.
To my parents
Abbreviations and indices
a.u Arbitrary Units
BET Brunauer-Emmet-Teller
BJH Barrett-Joyner-Halenda
BTEB 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene
CP MAS Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning
CT Charge Transfer
CTAB Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
CV Cyclic Voltammetery
DFT Density Functional Theory
EPR Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
EtOH Ethanol
EtOAc Ethylacetate
FID Flame Ionisation Detector
FT-IR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
GC Gas Chromatography
LCT Liquid Crystal Template
MCM Mobil Crystalline Material
Me Methyl
MeCN Acetonitrile
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
OTAB Octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
PMO Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica
SBA Santa Barbara Amorphous SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
TEOS Tetraethyl Orthosilicate
TG-DTG Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis
THF Tetrahydrofuran
UV-Vis Ultraviolet Visible
XRD X-ray diffraction
Contents
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Mesoporous materials ..................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 General introduction into the background............................................................................1
1.1.2 Periodic mesoporous silicas: synthesis and mechanisms......................................................2
1.2 Hybrid mesoporous materials.....................................................................................................10
1.2.1 General introduction into hybrid materials.........................................................................10
1.2.2 Synthesis of mesoporous hybrid materials..........................................................................11
1.2.3 Application of mesoporous hybrid materials.......................................................................14
1.3 Phenothiazine and its derivatives...............................................................................................15
1.3.1 Properties of the phenothiazine molecule...........................................................................15
1.3.2 Phenothiazine derived organic materials.............................................................................17
1.3.3 modified inorganic materials .......................................................................19
1.4 Thiazolium salts as organo‐catalysts and their heterogenization...............................................21
1.5 Sulfonic acid functionalized mesoporous materials as catalysts................................................24
1.6 Motivation...................................................................................................................................26
1.6.1 The motivation for phenothiazine functionalized hybrid materials....................................26
1.6.2 The motivation for thiazolium salts and sulfonic acid functionalized hybrid materials......27
Chapter 2. Phenothiazine functionalized hybrid materials...................................................................28
2.1 Synthesis and characterization of carbamate‐linked (oligo)phenothiazines in mesoporous silica
materials by the post grafting method.............................................................................................28
State of the art..............................................................................................................................28
2.1.1 Synthesis of mesoporous hybrid materials..........................................................................28
2.1.2 Structural properties of the hybrid materials......................................................................32
2.1.3 Characterization of the organic component in the hybrid materials...................................37
2.1.4 Photophysical properties .....................................................................................................42
2.2 Synthesis and characterization of urea‐linked (oligo)phenothiazines in mesoporous silica
materials obtained by an in‐situ one pot method............................................................................51
Contents
State of the art..............................................................................................................................51
2.2.1 Synthesis of the phenothiazine building blocks...................................................................52
2.2.2 Synthesis of the hybrid mesoporous materials....................................................................54
2.2.3 Structural properties of the hybrid materials......................................................................55
2.2.4 Hybrid material properties...................................................................................................81
2.2.6 Electronic and optical properties of the hybrid materials and the associated oxidized
materials........................................................................................................................................97
2.3 Synthesis and characterization of triazole‐linked (oligo)phenothiazines in mesoporous silica
materials obtained by an in‐situ one pot method..........................................................................121
State of the art............................................................................................................................ 121
2.3.1 Synthesis of hybrid mesoporous materials........................................................................122
2.3.2 Structural properties of the mesoporous materials...........................................................123
2.3.3 Spectroscopic properties of the hybrid materials..............................................................137
2.3.4 Optical properties of the hybrid materials and the associated oxidized materials...........145
Chapter 3. Hybrid mesop