Potential of temporal and spatial analysis techniques as tools for exploring changes in forest site productivity and following environmental interactions [Elektronische Ressource] : Finnish-German comparative study / vorgelegt von Pedro José Pérez Martínez

Pedro Pérez

Informations

• Publié par: albert-ludwigs-universitat_freiburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2004
• Nombre de lectures: 18
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

Potential of temporal and spatial analysis techniques as
tools for exploring changes in forest site productivity
and following environmental interactions.
Finnish-German comparative study








Inaugural-Dissertation zur
Erlangung der Doktorwürde
der Forst- und Umweltwissenschaften Fakultät
der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg i. Brsg.



vorgelegt von



Pedro José Pérez Martínez
geboren in Barcelona



Freiburg im Breisgau
2003






































Dekan: Pr. Dr. Karl-Reinhard Volz

Referent: Pr. Dr. Heinrich Spiecker
Korreferent: Pr. Dr. Jürgen Bauhus



A mis padres,





















Perennidad de los ríos. Conveniencia de los montes

…la hermosura provechosa de los montes, firmes costillas del cuerpo muelle de la tierra,
aumentando su hermosa variedad: en ellos se recogen los tesoros de las nieves, se forjan los
metales, se detienen las nubes, se originan las fuentes, anidan las fieras, se empinan los
árboles para las naves y edificios y donde se guarecen las gentes de las avenidas de los ríos,
se fortalecen contra los enemigos y gozan de salud y vida.

(Baltasar Gracián 1651-1657, “El Criticón”)


CONTENTS I
CONTENTS

Abstract ...............................................................................................................................1
zusammenfassung................................................................................................................4
Sumario8
1 Introduction..............................................................................................................11
1.1 Problem to be solved ........................................................................................13
1.2 Investigated potential causes ............................................................................14
2 Material ....................................................................................................................16
2.1 Environmental data...........................................................................................16
2.2 Height Stem analysis data ................................................................................17
Sampling strategy of the Level II sites in Finland and Germany .................19
3 Methods41
3.1 Radial increment variation and chronology building .......................................41
3.2 Climate-growth relationships ...........................................................................45
3.3 Radial increment growth trends, Anomalies and climate.................................45
3.4 Height growth anomalies and trends ................................................................46
3.4.1 Height growth anomalies and methodological limitations ...........................47
3.4.2 Yield tables...................................................................................................48
3.4.3 Height growth trends....................................................................................51
3.4.4 Analysis of long-term trends using deterministic potential growth models,
growth models incorporating indices of annual climatic variation and physiological
process based models52
3.5 examining the Relationships between changes of growth and nutrition by the
use of Generalized linear and regression models .............................................................56
3.6 examining the Relationships between changes of growth and nutrition by the
use of Spatial interpolation methods ................................................................................58
3.6.1 Variography: the structure identification......................................................58
3.6.2 The cross validation of the model ................................................................60
3.6.3 Kriging with external drift............................................................................61
4 Results......................................................................................................................63
4.1 Radial growth chronologies and Growth responses to climate.........................63
4.2 Growth trends and relationships.......................................................................81
4.2.1 Recent trends in the radial growth and climate in Germany81
4.2.2 Height and radial growth in relation to levels of recognized causal factors in
Eastern Germany..........................................................................................................86
4.2.3 Temporal and spatial trends in height growth changes and relation to levels
of putative causal factors..............................................................................................91
4.2.4 Long-term trends in height increment variation for expressing growth
anomalies using deterministic potential growth models.............................................121
4.2.5 Long-term trends in height increment variation for expressing growth
anomalies using growth models without potentials....................................................125 II Pérez-Martínez
4.2.6 Long-term trends in height increment variation for expressing growth
anomalies using physiological process based models. Growth of trees using the
Finnfor model.............................................................................................................130
4.2.7 Results of liming, nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization effect on tree-rings
and shoot length of a Norway spruce trees on a long-term permanent experiment in
South Western Germany ............................................................................................133
4.3 Estimation with external drift.........................................................................136
Interpolation and mapping..........................................................................140
5 Discussion ..............................................................................................................142
The adequacy of using yield tables ................................................................146
6 Conclusion151
Background and Acknowledgements ..............................................................................156
Annex 1 ...........................................................................................................................157
Determination of the degree of the drift ......................................................................157
The inference of the Optimal Generalized Covariance ...............................................158
Annex 2161
Kriging with external drift...........................................................................................161
Literature Cited ...............................................................................................................164

























CONTENTS III
LIST OF TABLES

aTable 1 Descriptive summary statistics of the sites included in the study by the two
countries for pine and spruce......................................................................................21
Table 2 Location, elevation, and characteristics of the sites included in the study ............22
Table 3 Values of the three main variables, Temperature change (K), Precipitation change
(%) and Foliar nitrogen (mg/g), grouped by treatment classes. The values were
classified into classes according to the distribution (25th and 75th percentiles for low
and high value classes respectively) of the three main variables over the Level II
dataset along Europe (n=195 plots of Norway spruce, n=216 plots of Scots pine). *A
special class was built for stands growing under boreal conditions and for the
Temperature parameter...............................................................................................36
Table 4 Selected sites form the level-II network in Germany and Finland for Scots pine
and Norway spruce according to levels in Temperature change (K), Precipitation
change (%) and foliar nitrogen (mg/g) .......................................................................37
Table 5 Suitable top height site index curves used as references for the sampling sites
where only one generation of trees was collected.......................................................49
Table 6 Descriptive statistics of standard radial increment chronologies fo