Processing of Biodiesel Fuel By-Products into Environmentally Friendly Materials ; Biodyzelino gamybos šalutinių produktų perdirbimas į aplinkai draugiškus produktus

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• Publié par: lithuanian_university_of_agriculture
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 62

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LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
Milda Gumbytė
PROCESSING OF BIODIESEL FUEL BY-PRODUCTS INTO
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MATERIALS
Summary of the Doctoral Dissertation
Technological Sciences (T000)
Environmental Engineering and Land Management (04T)
Kaunas, 2011Dissertation was performed in 2006-2010 at Lithuanian University of Agriculture.
This work was supported by the State Science and Studies Foundation of the Republic of
Lithuania.
Scientific supervisor:
Prof. Dr. Violeta MAKAREVIČIENE (Lithuanian University of Agriculture,
Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Land Management –
04T)
Council of Environmental Engineering and Land Management:
Chairman:
Prof. Dr. Valdas PAULAUSKAS (Lithuanian University of Agriculture,
Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Land Management –
04T)
Members:
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Laima ČESONIENĖ (Lithuanian University of Agriculture,
Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Land Management –
04T)
Prof. Dr. Gintaras DENAFAS (Kaunas University of Technology, Technological
Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Land Management – 04T)
Prof. Habil. Dr. Vladislovas KATINAS (Lithuanian Energy Institute,
Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Land Management –
04T)
Prof. Habil. Dr. Algirdas Jonas RAILA (Lithuanian University of Agriculture,
Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Land Management –
04T)
Opponents:
Prof. Dr. Egidijus ŠARAUSKIS (Lithuanian University of Agriculture,
Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and Land Management –
04T)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Eugenijus VALATKA (Kaunas University of Technology,
Technological Sciences, Chemical Engineering – 05T)
The official defence of the dissertation will be held at the open meeting of the doctoral
council at 1 p.m. on March 24, 2011 in the 261 room, central building of the Lithuanian
University of Agriculture.
Address: Lithuanian University of Agriculture,
Studentų 11, LT-53361 Akademija Kauno r., Lithuania.
The send out date of the Summary of the Dissertation is February 24, 2011.
The Dissertation is available at the library of Lithuanian University of Agriculture.LIETUVOS ŽEMĖS ŪKIO UNIVERSITETAS
Milda Gumbytė
BIODYZELINO GAMYBOS ŠALUTINIŲ PRODUKTŲ
PERDIRBIMAS Į APLINKAI DRAUGIŠKUS PRODUKTUS
Daktaro disertacijos santrauka
Technologijos mokslai (T000)
Aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka (04T)
Kaunas, 2011Disertacija rengta 2006-2010 metais Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitete.
Darbą rėmė Lietuvos Valstybinis mokslo ir studijų fondas.
Mokslinis vadovas:
Prof. dr. Violeta MAKAREVIČIENĖ (Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitetas,
technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T)
Disertacija ginama Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto Aplinkos inžinerijos ir
kraštotvarkos mokslo krypties taryboje.
Pirmininkas:
Prof. dr. Valdas PAULAUSKAS (Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitetas,
technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T)
Nariai:
Doc. dr. Laima ČESONIENĖ (Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitetas, technologijos
mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T)
Prof. dr. Gintaras DENAFAS (Kauno technologijos universitetas, technologijos
mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T)
Prof. habil. dr. Vladislovas KATINAS (Lietuvos energetikos institutas,
technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T)
Prof. habil. dr. Algirdas Jonas RAILA (Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitetas,
technologijos mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T)
Oponentai:
Prof. dr. Egidijus ŠARAUSKIS (Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitetas, technologijos
mokslai, aplinkos inžinerija ir kraštotvarka – 04T)
Doc. dr. Eugenijus VALATKA (Kauno technologijos universitetas, technologijos
mokslai, chemijos inžinerija – 05T )
Disertacija bus ginama viešame Aplinkos inžinerijos ir kraštotvarkos mokslo krypties
tarybos posėdyje 2011 m. kovo 24 d. 13 val. Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto centrinių
rūmų 261 auditorijoje.
Adresas: Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitetas,
Studentų 11,
LT-53361 Akademija, Kauno r.
Lietuva.
Disertacijos santrauka išsiųsta 2011 m. vasario 24 d.
Disertaciją galima peržiūrėti Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto bibliotekoje.INTRODUCTION
Relevance of the topic. Environmental protection is one of the most
important goals of the policy of the European Union. Recently, especially high
importance has been placed on the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases.
Taking into account the fact that motor transport pollutants account for a
considerable part of greenhouse gases, the European Commission, by its
Directives and Regulations, promotes maximum replacement of fossil fuels with
biofuels produced from agricultural products.
Back in 2003, the European Parliament and the Council issued Directive
2003/30/EC encouraging all Member States to replace 5.75 % of all fuel
consumption with biofuel until 2010. A new Directive of the European
Parliament and of the Council 2009/28/EC, was issued in 2009. It envisages the
replacement of 10 % of all fuels consumed in transport with biofuels by 2020.
Lithuania, as well as other Member States of the EU, has been constantly
developing the production of biofuels. There are two types of biofuels produced
in the country: biodiesel (from rapeseed) and bioethanol (from wheat and
triticale). In 2009, biodiesel fuel accounted for 82 % of all biofuels. By-products
such as technical-grade glycerol, free fatty acids and rapeseed cake are also
produced in the course of biodiesel fuel production beside the main product,
fatty acid methyl esters.
In order to compensate material costs, free fatty acids can be returned to
the production of biofuels applying their esterification process by using acid
catalyst. In addition to chemical catalysis, it would also be possible to apply
biochemical catalysis with the use of lipases. Such esterification process has
been studied inconsiderably; therefore, it is necessary to carry out comparative
studies of chemical and biochemical catalysis in order to select the optimal
option.
On an average, around 10 % of technical-grade glycerol is produced in the
course of biodiesel fuel production. The demand for pure glycerol is limited;
therefore, it is necessary to look for new methods and technologies for the
processing of this by-product of biodiesel production. The production of liquid
fuel by mixing technical-grade glycerol with various oil products could be one
of the methods for the utilisation of glycerol. In this way, biofuel producing
enterprises could compensate their energy costs by rationally utilising glycerol
produced in the course of the process. The production of mono- and diglycerides
could be another area for the utilisation of glycerol. Currently, mono- and
diglycerides are produced chemically; however, enzymatic production methods
could be applied for their synthesis as well.
Rapeseed cake is another by-product of biodiesel fuel production. This
product is usually used in the production of feeding stuffs as a protein additive;
however, its use is limited because of harmful compounds contained in
rapeseeds. Besides, with the production volumes of biodiesel growing,
3increasingly big quantities of rapeseed cake are generated; therefore, it is
necessary to look for new options for their use, where the production of
biocomposites should be mentioned.
Hypothesis. By-products of biodiesel fuel production, i.e. free fatty acids,
technical-grade glycerol, and rapeseed cake, can be effectively converted into
useful products by applying biotechnological and chemical methods thus
reducing costs of biodiesel fuel production.
Research goal and objective. To study biochemical and chemical
methods of transformation of by-products of biodiesel fuel production.
The following tasks were solved in order to achieve the goal of the
study:
1. To study the process of esterification of free fatty acids with methanol
and to select optimal conditions.
2. To study the process of esterification of free fatty acids with technical-
grade glycerol and to select optimal conditions.
3. To study the options for the use of the products produced during free
fatty acid esterification with glycerol for the production of
biolubricants and their impact on environment.
4. To study the options for the use of technical-grade glycerol for the
production of liquid fuel and to assess the operational and
environmental properties of this fuel.
5. To study the options for the use of rapeseed cake and technical-grade
glycerol for the production of biocomposites and to assess the
exploitational and environmental properties of the resulting products.
Scientific innovation. For the first time in Lithuania, the options for the
application of biochemical methods for the processing of by-products of
biodiesel fuel production into environmentally friendly materials were studied.
The esterification of free fatty acids with methanol and technical-grade glycerol
using biotechnological method was studied; the efficiency of the locally and
industrially produced biocatalysts was assessed. The options for the use of the
products of the process of free fatty acid esterification with glycerol were
assessed; the fact that introduction of such additive into rapeseed oil improves