Quality of service oriented traffic engineering methods for multi-service cellular networks [Elektronische Ressource] = Dienstgüte-orientierte verkehrstheoretische Methoden für die Bereitstellung unterschiedlicher Dienste in zellularen Netzen / vorgelegt von Larissa N. Popova

Dipl.-Ing. Larissa N. Popova

Informations

• Publié par: friedrich-alexander-universitat_erlangen-nurnberg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 18
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Quality of Service oriented
Traffic Engineering Methods for
Multi-Service Cellular Networks
Dienstgüte-orientierte verkehrstheoretische Methoden
für die Bereitstellung unterschiedlicher
Dienste in zellularen Netzen
Der Technischen Fakultät der
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
zur Erlangung des Grades
DOKTOR INGENIEUR
vorgelegt von
LARISSA N. POPOVA
Erlangen – 2009Als Dissertation genehmigt von
der Technischen Fakultät der
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg
Tag der Einreichung: 07. Dezember 2009
Tag der Promotion: 12. February 2010
Dekan: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard German
Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Villy Baek Iversen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang KochTo my husband Denis
and my sons Konstantin and MaximAcknowledgment
First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Wolfgang Koch, for giving me
the opportunity to pursue my Ph.D. at his Institute of Mobile Communication and for
providinganenvironmentwhereitwasapleasuretowork. Iamgratefultohimforthe
fruitful discussions on my work, for his continued support and faith in the success of
my research.
I am indebted to Prof. Villy Baek Iversen for his kind-hearted mentoring, for reviewing
my thesis, and for making my memorable stay at Technical University of Denmark,
Lyngby, possible.
I am very grateful to Dr. Wolfgang Gerstacker for his interest in my work, for his great
encouragement, and for finding time to participate in the defense of this work.
I would also like to thank all my colleagues at the Telecommunications Laboratory in
Erlangen for creating pleasant and humorous atmosphere.
Special thanks go to my roommate Armin Schmidt, for interesting scientific and non-
scientific discussions, as well as for his technical LaTeX support.
Finally, I would like to give thanks to my parents, Liudmila and Nikolay for their con-
tinued love and support.
And my deepest thanks I owe to my husband, Denis, who tireless supported me to the
realization of my thesis, for his patience and love.Contents
Introduction 1
Contribution of the Thesis 3
Einführung 5
Zusammenfassung 7
1. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) 9
1.1. System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2. WCDMA Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3. Radio Resource Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4. Techniques for Radio Resource Utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4.1. Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4.2. Handover Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4.3. Call Admission Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4.4. Congestion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.5. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Part I. Traffic Modeling for Wireless Networks 17
2. Traffic Concepts and Models 19
2.1. Mathematical Background: Basic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.1. Birth-Death Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2. Markovian Queuing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.1. M/M/1 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2.2. Erlang’s Loss System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2.2.1. Blocked-Call-Cleared – Erlang B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.3. Traffic Models for Wireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.3.1. GeneralRemarksonExistingTrafficModels: DrawbacksandChal-
lenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3. ConnectionLevelPerformanceModellingforMulti-RateLossSystemwith
WCDMA Radio Interface 31
3.1. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.2. Single Cell Capacity Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3. Connection dependent Model with Transmission Rate Reduction Policy . . 33
3.4. Multi-Cell Capacity Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37viii Contents
3.4.1. Restricted Network Accessibility - Modeling of Other-Cell Inter-
ference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.4.2. Proposed algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.5. Analytical System Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.5.1. Performance evaluation analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.6. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4. Joint Connection and Packet Level Analysis for Multi-Rate Loss System
with WCDMA Radio Interface 47
4.1. Motivation and Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.2. Multi-Cell Two-Level Capacity Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.2.1. Connection Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2.2. A Novel Model for Packet Level Performance Evaluation. . . . . . . 49
4.2.2.1. Blocked-Call-Held (BCH) Model (Fry-Molina Model) at
packet level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.2.2. Blocked-Call-Interfered (BCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2.3. Performance Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.3. Performance Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.3.1. Impact of the Traffic Mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.3.2. Analyzing trends by load change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.3.3. Adjustment of loss rates at packet level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.3.4. Impact of the Activity Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.4. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5. Extended Analysis of Two-Level Performance Model for Multi-Rate Delay
System with WCDMA Radio Interface 63
5.1. Motivation and Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.1.1. On the Generality of the Algorithm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.2. Unified Analytical Traffic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.3. System Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.3.1. Call Admission and Handling Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.3.2. Comparison of Blocked-Call-Buffered (BCB) model with Blocked-
Call-Held (BCH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.3.3. Behavior of the System with Soft Blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.3.4. Probability of Getting Service without Priority Classes . . . . . . . . 68
5.4. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Part II. Traffic Management for Wireless Networks 73
6. Mobile-to-Mobile: A Novel Concept for Spectrum Efficient Data Transfer
in WCDMA 75
6.1. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.2. Cooperative Communications in Wireless Networks (General Concepts,
Strategies, Principles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.3. Mobile-to-Mobile (M2M) Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.4. Concept Analysis and Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.4.1. Model Characteristics and Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Contents ix
6.4.2. Radio Interface Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.4.3. M2M Propagation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.4.3.1. Pathloss and Shadowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.4.3.2. Fading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.5. M2M-Group Organization Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.6. Cooperative Data Transfer Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6.7. PerformanceEvaluationofM2MDataTransfer: VerificationofBasicFunc-
tionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
6.7.1. Simulation Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
6.7.2. Traffic Model: Pure M2M File Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
6.7.3. Performance Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
6.7.4. ComparisonofM2MFilewithconventionalUMTSDataTransmis-
sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
6.7.5. Impact of Multicast Technique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
6.7.6. Impact of Group Update Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
6.7.7. Effect of the Restrictions in the Group Organization Policy . . . . . 101
6.8. DirectMobile-to-MobileDataTransferformixedtrafficscenariowithser-
vice differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
6.8.1. TrafficModel: IncorporatingSpeechUserPopulationintotheModel