Quantification of the activity of tectonic fault systems in the region of the Gulf of Corinth (Greece) [Elektronische Ressource] / von Georgios Maniatis

Informations

• Publié par: martin-luther-universitat_halle-wittenberg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 18
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

Quantification of the Activity of Tectonic Fault Systems in the
Region of the Gulf of Corinth (Greece)



Dissertation

zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades

Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)


vorgelegt der

Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlich-Technischen Fakultät

(mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlicher Bereich)

der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg





von
Georgios Maniatis
geb. am 19.04.1975 in Sparta



Gutachter:

1. Prof. Dr. Christof Lempp, Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften und Geiseltalmuseum,
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
2. Prof. Dr. Helmut Heinisch, Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften und Geiseltalmuseum, er-Univeittenberg
3. Prof. Dr. Edwin Fecker, Geotechnisches Ingenieurbüro Prof. Fecker & Partner GmbH

Verteidigt am 20. 01. 2006


Halle (Saale), 2006
urn:nbn:de:gbv:3-000009931
[http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn%3Ade%3Agbv%3A3-000009931]Acknowledgements

The accomplishment of this study wouldn’t have been possible without the support of several
persons.

First of all I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Ch. Lempp and Prof. Dr. H.
Heinisch for offering me the opportunity to undertake this project. I am sincerely thankful for
their supervision and guidance throughout this study as well as for their help during the
installation of the instruments in the field.

I am also indebted to Prof. Dr. E. Fecker for his interest in this thesis and for investing time
and effort on reviewing it.

Furthermore, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. G. Borm and Dr. C. Schmidt-Hattenberger for
their support at the beginning of this project and for kindly providing 3 Bragg-Grating-
extensometers.

Also, I have to thank E. Bauch for his essential help and recommendations during the
instrument installations and Dr. Ch. Hecht for his advice and suggestions throughout the
labour of this project. I cannot omit the support of J. Buchantschenko, C. Bönsch, S.
Grimmer, I. Patan and E. Schnerch throughout my PhD study in Halle.

In Greece, I have to thank G. Valkanas and T. Linaras for providing transport,
accommodation and technical assistance. Last but not least, I am thankful to my parents, to
Diana and to Niki for believing in me and supporting me throughout this effort.

The first 2 months of this project were financially supported by a short contract with the GFZ-
Potsdam followed by a 6-month DFG grant. The rest of the project until the end of 2004 was
financially supported by a scholarship (Jubiläumsstipendium) from the Martin Luther
University of Halle.
Table of Contents

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 Geological setting........................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Aims of the present study............................................................................................... 8
1.3 Structure of the present study....................................................................................... 10
2. Structural geology of the central part of the southern coast of Gulf of Corinth .................. 12
2.1 Satellite Image Analysis 12
2.1.1 Introduction 12
2.1.2 Applied image processing methods..................................................................... 13
2.1.2.1 Image Enhancement methods.................................................................. 13
2.1.2.2 Information Extraction methods.............................................................. 14
2.1.3 Lineament Interpretation..................................................................................... 15
2.1.3.1 Criteria applied to distinguish tectonic lineaments. ................................ 18
2.2 Evaluation of the Tectonic Fabric ................................................................................ 20
2.2.1 General observations........................................................................................... 20
2.2.2 Recognized fault systems. ................................................................................... 20
2.2.2.1 The WNW-ESE and NNE-SSW orthogonal fault system. ..................... 20
2.2.2.2 The NNW-SSE and WSW-ENE orthogonal fault system. 22
2.2.3 Succession of fault systems and variation of lineament density. ........................ 23
2.3 Stress field Evaluation.................................................................................................. 25
2.3.1 Evaluation of stress field by observing the tectonic fabric. ................................ 25
2.3.2 Evaluation of the stress field at two regions within the area of study by the use of
the Right Dihedra method. .................................................................................. 25
2.3.3 Current stress field .............................................................................................. 27
2.3.4 Previous stress field............................................................................................. 29
3. Landslide Phenomena in the Xylokastro area...................................................................... 31
3.1 Area of study and collected data. ................................................................................. 31
3.2 The orientation and location of landslides in comparison with the local tectonic fabric.
...................................................................................................................................... 35
3.2.1 Correlation of azimuthal distributions................................................................. 35
3.2.2 Correlation of spatial distributions...................................................................... 36
3.2.3 Interpretation of the azimuthal and spatial conformity between mass movements
and faults ............................................................................................................. 36
3.3 Mass movement mechanisms and triggering factors. .................................................. 38
3.3.1 Differentiation of factors favouring landslides ................................................... 38
3.3.2 Factors that create unstable conditions prone to accommodate mass movements..
...................................................................................................................................... 38
3.3.3 Factors that initiate the mass movement phenomena (triggering factors)........... 39
3.4 Slope examples 42
3.4.1 Example I ............................................................................................................ 42
3.4.2 Example II........................................................................................................... 44
3.4.3 Example III.......................................................................................................... 45
3.4.4 Example IV ......................................................................................................... 46
3.5 Finite-Element modelling of the influence of faults on the slope stability. ................. 47
3.6 Summary and Conclusions........................................................................................... 51
4. Active fault monitoring at the Perachora peninsula (eastern termination of Gulf of Corinth)
......................................................................................................................................... 52
4.1 Instrumentation. 52
4.1.1 Introduction 52
4.1.2 The Crack Gauge TM 71 device ......................................................................... 52
4.1.2.1 Description and principle of function...................................................... 52
4.1.2.2 Methodology of use................................................................................. 54
4.1.3 The Bragg-Grating Extensometer ....................................................................... 57
4.1.3.1 Description and principle of function 57
4.1.3.2 Measurement of strain and deformation of the BGX rod........................ 60
4.2 The Perachora region (eastern termination of Gulf of Corinth)................................... 62
4.2.1 Geology, Tectonics and Seismicity..................................................................... 62
4.2.2 The Pisia fault zone ............................................................................................. 65
4.2.3 The Shinos fault zone.......................................................................................... 66
4.2.4 Fault kinematics and stress field evaluation along the Pisia-Shinos fault zone.. 66
4.3 Selection, location and description of the fault monitoring sites ................................. 69
4.3.1 Selection of monitoring sites............................................................................... 69
4.3.2 The “Pisia” fault monitoring site......................................................................... 69
4.3.2.1 The TM71 device at the “Pisia” monitoring site..................................... 71