Race and region have independent and synergistic effects on dietary intakes in black and white women

Newby, Grant Rachael, Shikany, Ard Jamy, Noel, Judd Suzanne, Ard

Description

Few studies have examined the effects of race and region on dietary intakes and the evidence on racial and regional disparities among women is limited. We aimed to examine whether race and region were associated with nutrient intakes among black and white women living in the Stroke Belt, Stroke Buckle, and Other regions in the United States. We hypothesized that significant differences would be observed among population sub-groups and that the effects of race on dietary intakes would vary across regions. Methods This study included dietary data from 12,105 women from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (United States). Dietary data were collected using the Block 98 food frequency questionnaire. Results Blacks consumed 1.05% lower energy from saturated fat (95% CI: -0.95, -1.16), and intakes were also lower in the Buckle (β = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.32) and Belt (β = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.46) compared to the Other regions. Within each region, sodium, potassium, and magnesium intakes were all lower among black women compared to white women ( P <0.05 for all); intakes were significantly lower among blacks living in the Belt and Buckle compared to those in the Other regions. Significant interactions between race and region were detected for trans fat, calcium, and cholesterol ( P <0.05 for all), where black women in the Other regions consumed the lowest dietary cholesterol and calcium while black women in the Belt consumed the lowest trans fat. Conclusions Race and region were significantly associated with nutrient intakes in a large study of black and non-Hispanic white women in the United States. Intakes of trans fat, calcium, and cholesterol among black and white women differed across regions. Race and region thus interact to impact dietary intakes, and their effects may be mediated by such factors as the broader food environment and food availability as well as food customs and culture. Race, region, and their correlates should therefore be considered together when examining diet and disease associations and planning dietary advice for population sub-groups.

Sujets

• Diet
• Health disparities
• Nutrient
• Blacks
• Race
• Région

Informations

• Publié par: biomed
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English

Extrait

Newby et al . Nutrition Journal 2012, 11 :25 http://www.nutritionj.com/content/11/1/25

R E S E A R C H Open Access Race and region have independent and synergistic effects on dietary intakes in black and white women P K Newby 1,2,3,4* , Sabrina E Noel 1 , Rachael Grant 1 , Suzanne Judd 5 , James M Shikany 6 and Jamy Ard 7

Abstract Background: Few studies have examined the effects of race and region on dietary intakes and the evidence on racial and regional disparities among women is limited. We aimed to examine whether race and region were associated with nutrient intakes among black and white women living in the Stroke Belt, Stroke Buckle, and Other regions in the United States. We hypothesized that significant differences would be observed among population sub-groups and that the effects of race on dietary intakes would vary across regions. Methods: This study included dietary data from 12,105 women from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (United States). Dietary data were collected using the Block 98 food frequency questionnaire. Results: Blacks consumed 1.05% lower energy from saturated fat (95% CI: -0.95, -1.16), and intakes were also lower in the Buckle ( b = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.32) and Belt ( b = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.46) compared to the Other regions. Within each region, sodium, potassium, and magnesium intakes were all lower among black women compared to white women ( P <0.05 for all); intakes were significantly lower among blacks living in the Belt and Buckle compared to those in the Other regions. Significant interactions between race and region were detected for trans fat, calcium, and cholesterol ( P <0.05 for all), where black women in the Other regions consumed the lowest dietary cholesterol and calcium while black women in the Belt consumed the lowest trans fat. Conclusions: Race and region were significantly associated with nutrient intakes in a large study of black and non- Hispanic white women in the United States. Intakes of trans fat, calcium, and cholesterol among black and white women differed across regions. Race and region thus interact to impact dietary intakes, and their effects may be mediated by such factors as the broader food environment and food availability as well as food customs and culture. Race, region, and their correlates should therefore be considered together when examining diet and disease associations and planning dietary advice for population sub-groups. Keywords: Diet, Health disparities, Nutrients, Blacks, Race, Region

Background and lower intakes of potassium, fiber, fruits, and vegeta- In the United States, a higher prevalence of chronic dis- bles in blacks [3,4]. Regional differences in diet also have eases such as hypertension, stroke, and diabetes has been been seen in the United States. For example, individuals observed in Southern populations, particularly among in the South and West consume more dietary cholesterol blacks [1,2]. In addition, a variety of dietary disparities than those in the North or the East, and Southerners between non-Hispanic whites and blacks has been consume the lowest amount of fiber compared to other detected, including higher intakes of dietary cholesterol regions [5]. Several studies have examined dietary intakes across either racial/ethnic or regional groups in the United States. * 1 D C e o p rr a e rt sp m o e n nt de o n f c P e: ed p i k a n tr e ic w s, b B y o @ s p to os n t.h U a n r i v v a e r r d si . t e y du SchoolofMedicine,Boston,MA In an early investigation, black women aged 25-75 y con- 02118, USA sumed less saturated and total fat than whites in the Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2012 Newby et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.