Radiation protection research and training programme
268 pages
English
268 pages
English
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Review: Radiation protection programme 1960-89: Synopsis of results 1985-89
Nuclear energy and safety

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Nombre de lectures 18
Langue English
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Commission of the European Communities
RADIATION PROTECTION
RESEARCH AND
TRAINING PROGRAMME
Review
Radiation protection programme 1960-89
Synopsis of results 1985-89
Report
EUR 13200 EN -^
Commission of the European Communities
RADIATION PROTECTION
RESEARCH AND
TRAINING PROGRAMME
Review
Radiation protection programme 1960-89
Synopsis of results 1985-89
PARL EUROP. B blioih.
'A.C.isMz*j5X&o
CL
Directorate-General
Science, Research and Development
1990 EUR 13200 EN Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation
L-2920 Luxembourg
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person
acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which
might be made of the following information
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1990
ISBN 92-826-1940-0 Catalogue number: CD-NA-13200-EN-C
© ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels • Luxembourg, 1990
Printed in France Contents
Preface V
Executive Summary vii
I. Thirty Years of Research within the European Community Radiation
Protection Programme
A. Introduction and History 1
B. The Community Radiation Protection Programme, Element and
Motor of Evolvingnn Research
1. General trends and implications 5
Acute (deterministic) effects of radiation 7
Non-stochastic (non-derministic) late effects of radiation 10
Stochastic late effects of radiation 1
Dosimetry 12
Radioecology5
Radiation risks and management of radiation protection 18
Supplementary studies "Applications of Nuclear Techniques
in Agriculture and Medicine" 20
The Biology Group at Ispra1
2. Selected scientific achievements3
Treatment of victims of radiation over-exposure 2
Epidemiology of radium and thorotrast exposure6
Microdosimetry and biophysical models7
Repair of genetic damage 3
Environmental behaviour and risks of tritium and technetium 32
Radon in homes: assessment and risks4
Dose reduction in medical diagnostic radiology6
Accident consequence assessment and emergency response 38
3. Support for regulatory obligations of the Commission 42
4. Development of co-operation 4
5. Training in radiation protection5
C. Structure and Management of the Programme
1. History of funding7
2. Personnel 48
3. Management and advisory structures 49
HI II. The 1985-1989 Radiation Protection Programme:
Synopsis of Results
A. Introduction 51
1. Adoption and execution of the 1985-1989 Programme 5
2. The continuing need for Community
radiation protection research4
3. The Radiation Protection Programme 1990-1991 56
4. Training needs in radiation protection7
B. Principal Scientific Results Obtained in the Programme Sectors .... 59
1. Radiation dosimetry and its interpretation 59
2. Behaviour and control of radionuclides in the environment 83
3. Non-stochastic effects of ionising radiation 10
4. Radiation carcinogenesis 121
5. Genetic effects of ionising radiation 145
6. Evaluation of radiation risks and
optimisation ofn protection 17
C. Annexes
I Members and Experts of the Management and
Coordination Advisory Committee (CGC) "Radiation Protection " . 208
II List of contractors classified by sectors 211
III Geographical distribution of contracts -23
rV List of proceedings of scientific meetings and other
publications on radiation protection 235
IV Preface
This document aims to:
- trace the evolution of the CEC Radiation Protection Programme over its 30 years
of existence.
During this time, research carried out in the framework of the Community
Programme has made major contributions to the scientific understanding of the
action of ionising radiation and the protection of man and his environment. This
information was crucial for developing better radiation protection management
for existing and new technologies and for providing the scientific basis for the
regulatory activities of the Commission. One important feature of the
Programme was the success of bringing together scientists from different Member
States to co-operate in the various fields of radiation protection and to integrate
different areas of radiation protection research into a coherent approach. The
structures thus developed within the Programme have enabled research in
radiation protection to be conducted in a cost effective manner on behalf of
Member States.
- give a synopsis of the most important results of the 1985-1989 Radiation
Protection Programme.
This period was characterised by two challenges, the integration of two Member
States into Community research and the impact of the Chernobyl accident. The
Programme has, in spite of reduced funding, continued to provide a high degree
of expertise for the Community in the context of the needs in radiation
protection. This has been explicitly acknowledged in the evaluation of the
Programmes 1980-1989 carried out by an independent panel.
This synopsis of the results of the 1985-1989 research Programme has been written
with the help of the members and experts from the Management and Coordination
Advisory Committee (CGC) "Radiation Protection" (see list, Annex I). Their
dedication to the cause of the Community Radiation Protection Programme has been
a major contributor to the success of the Programme in general, and to this
document in particular, and is gratefully acknowledged.
S. Finzi E. Bennett
Director DG XII.D Director DG XI.A
Nuclear Safety Research Nuclear Safety, Industry and
Environment, Civil Protection
G.B. Gerber
HeadofUnitDGXII.D.3
Radiation Protection Research Executive Summary
The present "Review of the Radiation Protection Research Programme 1960-1989
and Synopsis of Results of the 1985-1989 Programme" traces the evolution of the
CEC Radiation Protection Research and Training Programme over its 30 years of
existence and summarises the most important results of the 1985-1989 Programme.
The Commission's radiation protection research activities are based on the Euratom
Treaty which conferred on the Community the responsibility for "establishing
uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and of the general public
and ensure that they are applied" (Article 2 b, see also Articles 30-39) and for
"studying the harmful effects of radiation on living organisms" (Annex I, VI). The
Treaty thereby establised a close link between regulation and research in radiation
protection.
The Commission's radiation protection research activities, initially called "Biology -
Health Protection", started with some preparatory actions in 1958/59 and took a
concrete form in 1961. This was, therefore, the first Community (EURATOM)
Programme that supported cost-shared actions and actively promoted co-operation
between European scientists. Initially, in addition to radiation protection, the
Programme included some research into applications of ionising radiation in
agriculture and nuclear medicine. These topics were later abandoned for budgetary
and political reasons or because they were more appropriately integrated into other
Community Programmes.
The Programme was implemented along the following Unes:
- research contracts were placed on a cost-sharing basis with institutes of Member States to
carry out research in those areas given priority in the Programme and to initiate and
promote co-operation between scientists in the Community;
- a radiobiology research group was constituted at the Joint Research Centre in Ispra to form
a nucleus for research, development and training and also to deal with problems arising in
the context of other activities of EURATOM. Following a period of rapid expansion, political
support for the group waned and the group was finally dissolved in 1987, liberating means
for cost-shared research contracts;
- Commission staff were detached to foremost scientific institutions in different Member States
in order to establish permanent links between theses and the Commission and to
act as a stimulating influence in their host institutions. The policy of the Programme with
respect to the detachment of staff is now not to replace such staff when they retire;
VII - information exchange between scientists was promoted by study group meetings between
contractors as well as by workshops, seminars and symposia attended by the international
scientific community. Increasingly, these workshops, seminars and symposia were co-
organised with contractors and/or other institutions such as the US Department of Energy,
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd....;
- training activities were initially focused on subjects which were of critical importance for
European science i.e. in addition to radiation protection, molecular biology, application of
radiation in agriculture. For a substantial number (about 300) of young scientists, they also
involved preparing a thesis or learning new methods and establishing personal relations
between institutes in differen

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