Reactor safety

Joint Research Centre European Commission

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Nuclear energy and safety

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• Publié par: JOINT-RESEARCH-CENTRE-EUROPEAN-COMMISSION
• Nombre de lectures: 21
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES PROGRAMME
JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE PROGRESS
Ispra Establishment
REPORT
Italy
January -June 1981
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COMMUNICATION Reactor safety
Category 1.1
Nr 3892
y
WARNING
The information contained
in this document is
communicated confidentially
by the Commission of the
European Communities
to Member States,
persons and undertakings
and should not be passed on
to third parties.
lEuratom-Treaty. Article 13, ard
Regulation (EEC) No. 2380/74
of the Council of Ministers). Programme Progress Report JRC Ispra
January - June 1981
REACTOR SAFETY
Abstract
This report describes the main achievements of the reactor safety programme
within the period January-June 1981. The report is structured along the lines of the
multiannual programme 1980-83. The 1980-83 Reactor Safety Programme of the
JRC is subdivided into five main projects:
1. Reliability and risk evaluation
2. LWR loss of coolant accident studies
3. Primary system Integrity
4. LMFBR core accident initiation and transition phase
5. LMFBR accident post disassembly phase.
The objectives of the research, carried out within these five projects, which are sub­
divided into research activities, as well as their connection with the different na­
tional programmes, are described.
The scientific and technical achievements of the different activities during the
reporting period are discussed and conclusions are drawn for the activities and the
programmes as a whole.
The planning for future activities, covering the period of the total multiannual pro­
gramme 1980-83 is given in a tabulated form. The annexed lists of the authors and
the list of the JRC publications enable the reader to obtain any further information
wanted.
Programme Progress Report JRC Ispra
January - June 1981
REACTOR SAFETY
Abstract
This report describes the main achievements of the reactor safety programme
within the period January-June 1981. The report is structured along the lines of the
multiannual programme 1980-83. The 1980-83 Reactor Safety Programme of the
JRC is subdivided into five main projects:
1. Reliability and risk evaluation
2. LWR loss of coolant accident studies »
3. Primary system Integrity
4. LMFBR core accident initiation and transition phase
5.R accident post disassembly phase.
The objectives of the research, carried out within these five projects, which are sub­
divided into research activities, as well as their connection with the different na­
tional programmes, are described.
The scientific and technical achievements of the different activities during the
reporting period are discussed and conclusions are drawn for the activities and the
programmes as a whole.
The planning for future activities, covering the period of the total multiannual pro­
gramme 1980-83 is given in a tabulated form. The annexed lists of the authors and
the list of the JRC publications enable the reader to obtain any further information
wanted.
ï COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE
Ispra Establishment
Italy
Reactor safety
/ BEMÆRK
Den viden, som rummes i dette dokument, meddeles som fortrolig fra
Kommissionen for de europæiske Fællesskaber til Medlemsstater, per­
soner og virksomheder og ma ikke videreaives til trediemand. (Euratom-
traktatens artikel 13og Minersterrådets forordning(ECF) N° 2380/74).
Hverken Kommissionen for de Europæiske Fælleskaber eller nogen,
som optraeder pa Kommissionens vegne er ansvarling for den eventuelle
brug af information, som er indeholdt i det følgende .
ZUR BEACHTUNG
Die in diesem Dokument enthaltenen Kenntnisse werden von der Kom­
mission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften den Mitgliedstaaten, Per­
sonen und Unternehmen der Gemeinschaft vertraulich mitgeteilt und
dürfen nicht an Dritte weitergegeben werden. (Euratom-Vertrag, Arti­
kel 13, und Beschluss des Ministerrates (EWG) Nr. 2380/74).
Weder die Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften noch Perso­
nen, die im Namen dieser Kommission handeln, sind für die etwaige
Verwendung der nachstehenden Informationen verantwortlich.
NOTICE
The information contained in this document is communicated confi­
dentially by the Commission of the European Communities to Member
States, persons and undertakings and should not be passed on to third
parties. (Euratom-Treaty, Article 13, and Regulation (EEC) No.
2380/74 of the Council of Ministers).
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person
acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which
might be made of the following information.
AVERTISSEMENT
Les connaissances contenues dans le présent document sont communi­
quées confidentiellement par la Commission des Communautées euro­
péennes aux Etats membres, personnes et entreprises et ne peuvent être
transmises à des tiers. (Traité Euratom, article 13, et règlement (CEE)
N° 2380/74 du Conseil de Ministres).
Ni la Commission des Communautés européennes, ni aucune personne
agissant au nom de la Commission, n'est responsable de l'usage qui
pourrait être fait des informations ci-après.
AVVERTIMENTO
Le cognizioni contenute nel presente documento sono comunicate con­
fidenzialmente dalla Commissione delle Comunità europee agli Stati
membri, persone ed imprese e non debbono essere trasmesse a terzi.
(Trattato Euratom, articolo 13, e regolamento (CCE) N° 2380/74 del
Consiglio dei Ministri).
Né la Commissione delle Comunità europee, né alcuna persona che
agisca per suo conto, è responsabile dell'uso che dovesse essere fatto
delle informazioni che seguono.
OPMERKING
De kennis, die in dit document is vervat, wordt door de Commissie van
de Europese Gemeenschappen vertrouwelijk aan de Lid-Staten, per­
sonen en ondernemingen medegedeeld en mag niet aan derden worden
doorgegeven. (Euratom-Verdrag, artikel 13, en het besluit van de Mi­
nisterraad (EEG) No. 2380/74).
Noch de Commissie van de Europese Gemeenschappen, noch de per­
sonen die namens haar optreden, zijn verantwoordelijk voor het ge­
bruik, dat eventueel van de hiernavolgende informaties wordt gemaakt. Contents
Introduction 3
Executive Summary 5
Projects
1. Reliability and Risk Evaluation 15
2. LWR Loss-of-Coolant Accident Studies 23
3. Primary System Integrity 37
4. LMFBR Core Accident Initiation and Transition Phase 5
5.R Accident Post Disassembly Phase 7
JRC Publications 11
Glossary9
List of Authors 121 INTRODUCTION
In the new research programme of the JRC, approved by system of a 1300 MWe Pressurized Water Reactor, mis
facility has been built in the frame of a collaboration con­the Council of Ministers for 1980-83, the effort of the Com­
tract with the Federal Republic of Germany and became munity in the Reactor Safety field fas been further Increas­
operational in December 1978. ed.
This is related to different reasons. The relevant role of The application of the experimental results for checking
nuclear energy has been made evident by the energy crisis and improving blowdown computer codes and associated
and by the expanding electrical needs in the Community. theories for the safety analysis of LWR is one of the main
Furthermore, after the TMI accident, there is an increased objectives of this project. After completion of the work per­
sensitivity of public feeling towards the safety aspects of formed under contract a Community programme will be ex­
ecuted. nuclear power installations and on the licensing process.
The purpose of reactor safety studies is essentially to pro­
An important effort is made in the field of structural failure
vide reactor designers, constructors, licensing authorities
prevention. It involves LWR Primary Circuit Integrity studies
and operators with adequate methodologies to ensure
dealing with early failure detection, including the PISC II ex­
operational reliability of the plants to prevent or limit the
ercise, and the development of methodologies and calcula­
consequence of accidents and to develop calculation tools tion codes to predict the end of life of reactor structures.
for the analysis of very low probability events. This activity also adresses important questions of elastic
plastic fracture mechanics and creep fatigue behaviour of The JRC reactor safety programme involves theoretical and
stainless steel. experimental activities to analyse accidents and their con­
sequences for LWR and LMFBR's. Large experimental
The JRC contribution to safety research for Liquid Metal facilities are available at Ispra for tests under realistic reac­
Fast Breeder Reactor concentrates on those parts of tor conditions.
hypothetical accident scenarios which have been identified
In the JRC programme, particular emphasis is given to the
to be the most severe ones. Initiating events such as fault
me