Reliability and consistency affect the integration of visual depth cues [Elektronische Ressource] / von Matthias Gamer

Matthias Gamer

Sujets

• Psychologie

Informations

• Publié par: johannes_gutenberg-universitat_mainz
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 6
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Reliability and Consistency Affect
the Integration of Visual Depth Cues


Inauguraldissertation
zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades
eines Dr. phil.,


vorgelegt dem
Fachbereich 02 – Sozialwissenschaften, Medien und Sport
der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz


von
Matthias Gamer
aus Alfeld/Leine


Mainz
2008
































Tag des Prüfungskolloquiums: 4. August 2008 CONTENTS I

Contents

1. Abstract ........................................................................................ 1

2. Introduction ................................................................................. 3
2.1 Why sensory integration? .............................................................. 3
2.1.1 Intersensory perceptual phenomena .............................................. 4
2.1.2 Intrasensory integration in visual depth perception ...................... 5
2.2 Cue combination models ............................................................... 6
2.2.1 Strong fusion ................................................................................. 7
2.2.2 Weak .................................................................................. 8
2.2.3 Modified weak fusion ................................................................... 9
2.3 Bayesian models of cue integration .............................................. 10
2.4 The simple Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) model ....... 13
2.4.1 Empirical evidence for a weighted linear integration model ........ 15
2.4.2 Empirical support of the simple MLE model ................................ 19
2.4.3 e conflicting with the simple MLE model ....... 22
2.4.4 Top-down influences on sensory integration 25
2.5 Bayesian integration of coupled cues ............................................ 28
2.6 Open research questions ................................................................ 34
2.7 Outline of the present studies ........................................................ 35

3. Experiment 1 ............................................................................... 38
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 38
3.2 Method .......................................................................................... 39
3.2.1 Stimuli and apparatus .................................................................... 39
3.2.2 Experimental design ...................................................................... 42
3.2.3 Procedure ....................................................................................... 42
3.2.4 Parameter extraction and statistical analyses ................................ 44II CONTENTS

3.2.5 Participants .................................................................................... 45
3.3 Results ........................................................................................... 45
3.3.1 Within-cue discrimination task ......................................................
3.3.2 Multiple-cue conditions ................................................................. 46
3.3.3 Model comparison ......................................................................... 48
3.4 Discussion ...................................................................................... 52
3.4.1 The power of shading .................................................................... 53
3.4.2 Coupling between cues .................................................................. 54
3.4.3 Potential limitations ....................................................................... 55
3.4.4 Conclusions ................................................................................... 56

4. Experiment 2 ................................................................................ 57
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 Method ...........................................................................................
4.2.1 Stimuli and apparatus .................................................................... 57
4.2.2 Experimental design ...................................................................... 59
4.2.3 Procedure ....................................................................................... 60
4.2.4 Parameter extraction and statistical analyses ................................ 61
4.2.5 Participants .................................................................................... 62
4.3 Results ........................................................................................... 62
4.3.1 Single-cue conditions ....................................................................
4.3.2 Multiple-cue ................................................................. 64
4.3.3 Model comparison ......................................................................... 66
4.4 Discussion ...................................................................................... 68
4.4.1 Comparability of single-cue conditions .........................................
4.4.2 Single-cue reliabilities ................................................................... 69
4.4.3 Dissimilarity of depth perception and slant estimation ................. 71
4.4.4 Conclusions ................................................................................... 72
CONTENTS III

5. Experiment 3 ............................................................................... 74
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 74
5.1.1 Weight estimation in multiple observation tasks .......................... 75
5.1.2 The multiple observation task in visual depth perception ............. 78
5.2 Method .......................................................................................... 79
5.2.1 Stimuli and apparatus .................................................................... 79
5.2.2 Experimental design ...................................................................... 82
5.2.3 Procedure ....................................................................................... 83
5.2.4 Parameter extraction and statistical analyses ................................ 84
5.2.5 Participants .................................................................................... 85
5.3 Results ........................................................................................... 85
5.4 Discussion ..................................................................................... 88

6. Experiment 4 ............................................................................... 91
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 91
6.2 Method .......................................................................................... 92
6.2.1 Stimuli and apparatus .................................................................... 92
6.2.2 Experimental design ...................................................................... 93
6.2.3 Procedure ....................................................................................... 95
6.2.4 Parameter extraction and statistical analyses ................................ 97
6.2.5 Participants .................................................................................... 98
6.3 Results ........................................................................................... 98
6.3.1 Adequacy of an additive linear integration rule that is sensitive 98
to cue reliabilities ..........................................................................
6.3.2 Application of the MLE model ..................................................... 103
6.3.2.1 Derivation of single-cue reliabilities ............................................. 103
6.3.2.2 Fit of the empirical data to the predictions of the MLE model in 105
conditions with pairwise cue consistencies ...................................
6.3.2.3 Fal data to thMLE model in 107
conditions with reduced single-cue reliabilities ............................ IV CONTENTS

6.3.3 Subjective difficulty and response times ....................................... 108
6.4 Discussion ...................................................................................... 110
6.4.1 Adequacy of the MLE model ........................................................
6.4.2 Interactions of shading and disparity ............................................. 113
6.4.3 Conclusions ................................................................................... 114

7. General discussion ....................................................................... 116
7.1 Factors influencing sensory integration ......................................... 116
7.1.1 Signal reliability ............................................................................ 116
7.1.2 Spatial and temporal proximity ..................................................... 117
7.1.3 Cue consistency ............................................................................. 120
7.2 Rob