Report upon the present condition and future of tea cultivation in the north-west provinces and in the Punjab

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• Publié par: les_archives_du_savoir
• Nombre de lectures: 6
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

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riu.of CaliforniaUniversity Berkeley
M.BRANSTENJOSEPH
& TEA COLLECTIONCOFFEE
in ofAcquired memory
M. BRANSTENJOSEPHSELECTIONS FROM THE RECORDS
OP THE
OFGOVEENMENT INDIA,
GMD H l^H
XXIII. BYNo. PUBLISHED AUTHORITY.
EEPOET^~?
UPON THE
TEA CULTIVATION
IN THE
in t^ fmtjrfr.
^
CALCUTTA:
1860.CONTENTS.II.
(Page.
from Botanical to the North-Letter the Government,Superintendent, Gardens,
49Western dated 17th March 1857 ... ...Provinces,
A SHOET GUIDE TO PLANTERS CULTIVATING TEAS IN THE HIMALAYAS AND
KOHISTAN OF THE WITH BRIEF REMARKS ON THE MANUFACTUREPUNJAB,
OF BLACK AND GEEEN INIMPLEMENTS USE IN THE FACTORIES ANDTEAS,
&c. ... ... ... ... 59PLANTATIONS,
Kinds of Tea Plants cultivated 61... ... ...
Several varieties ... ... ... 62
Assam ... ... ib.... ...species
Soil best for the Tea Plant ... ... ... ib.adapted
Nature of soils in different Districts 63... ...
Soil of the Dhoon ... ... ib.....Deyrah
Soil in the Vallev ib.... ... ...Kangra
Flat and Land both favorable for Tea Cultivation ... ib.sloping
Lands flooded the rains bad for the Tea Plant ... ib.during
Lime-stone Districts not suited for the Tea Plant 6i...
Altitude above the Sea best fitted for the Tea Plant ... ... ib.
Tea Plant ... ... ... ib.hardy
On the method of Ground to a riz. fen-Plantation,preparing prior forming
and ... ... ib.cing, ploughing,draining, trenching
Formation of Roads and Paths ... ..
4 ... 65
TeaOn the time of of the seeds when and method toflowering Plant, ripe,
ascertain it ... ... 66... ...
On the method of seeds and season ... ib.sowing ...
of Plants after haveTreatment ... ... 67young they germinated
of manure whenTop dressing ... ... ib.required
of Seed beds .., ... ... ... ibWeeding
Method of and 68... ...raising plantations by layers cuttings
not ... ib.Rearing plants by layers satisfactory ...
a tedious of Plants ib.... ...Cuttings process rearing
On the method of ... ... ... ib.transplanting
forSeason ... ... ... 69
Beetle destructive to ib.... ...young plants
How ... ... ... ... ib.destroyed
Gardners divided into ... ,.. ... ib.gangs
if tobe in one and same holeTwo ormore the ... 70plants, necessary, put
... ... ib.... ...Manuring
Manure where to be formed.., ... ib....pits
Plants to be ib.of ... ,., ...Height transplanted
Number of acre ... ... ... ib.plants per
Plantation recommendedThick ... ... ... 71
Seed in four feet drills .., ... ... ib.BowingCONTENTS. 1TI.
Page.
On ... ... ... ... 71Irrigation
in the Hills and results... ... ib...,Drought
not ... ... ,., ib.Irrigation necessary
When useful ... . . ... ib.
Plants when for Leaves ... ... ... 72ready yielding
TeaMethod of Leaves ... ... ... ib.gathering
Three ... ... ... ib.general gatherings
inChinese assist Leaves ... .,, 73gathering
Leaves ... ... ... ib....Weighing
fresh Leaves recommended. Price ... ,,.74paidPurchasing
and Teas at Government inYield of Tea Leaves the thePlantation, Deyrah
in ...1856 ... ... ... 77Dhoon,
inOn the method followed the Canton-men Black Teas ... 78by manufacturing
Leaves .,, ... ... ib.Withering
the of Black Teas followed the ChineseOn method arrivedpreparing by lately
from Foo-choO'foo ... ... ... ... 83
the fromProcess of Black Chinese 84Tea-making by Kiang-si ...
Teas how ... ... ... ... 86Congou prepared
Pekoe how ,,, ... ... 87Flowery
Method of ... ... ib.... ...preparation
Pekoe whence named ... ,., ... ib.Flowery
Teas ... ... ... ib.Picking ...
of Black TeasKinds ... ... ... 88prepared
Black Teas .,. ... ... ... ib.Scenting
of Plants used ... ... ib.Flowers
of Black Teas ... ... ... ... 89Packing
method of Green Teas. Process followed the CantonOn the manufacturing by
Manufacturers ... ... ib.... ...
Tea-makersProcess followed the Chinese Green from ... 91Shanghaiby
92... ... ... ... ...Sifting
Green Teas ... ... ... ib....Packing
and Boxes ... ... ... 93paperingStamping
of Teas ... ib.Kinds ... ...prepared
Teas ... .,. ... ... ib.Colouring
anxious to use matter 94Chinese ... ...colouring
On Tea Boxes ... ... ... ... ib.making
*"*Kinds of Timber used ... ... ... ib.
Cheer Wood ... ... 95... ...
Sheet Lead ... ... ... ... ib.
Sheet Lead made Chinese to be fromby heavy. Ought imported
... ... ,., ... 96Europe
made in the Hills ... ib.... ...Paper
Tea Boxes ... ... ... 97...ColouringIV. CONTENTS,
; Page.
Labor .,, ... ... ... 97
In the Dhoon ... ... ... ib.Deyrah
In the ... ... ... 98ValleyKangra
Roads ... ... ... ib.... ...
KumaonRoads in ... ... ... ib.
Good Roads ... ... ... 99necessary
Roads in Eastern Kumaon ... ... ... ib.
Ditto in Western Gurhwal ... ... ... ib.
Ditto in the Dhoon ... ... ... 100Deyrah
Ditto in the Kohistan of the ... ... ib.Punjab
in IndiaMarkets available ... ... 101...
Prices realized for Teas in India... ... ... ib.
Materials ... ... ... 103...Building
... ... ... ... ib.Supplies
on which Grants are the and rates at whichTerms Government,given by
insmall Farms be Kumaon and Gurhwal from the Zemin-procuredmay
dars ... ... ... ... 104
Lands available for Grants covered" with Timber ... ... 105
and seeds alsoTea ...plants given gratis ... log
available in the season ... ...Quantity coming ib.
the Climate of the Kohistan of the North-West Provinces and theOn ... 112Punjab
not to Tea PlantsSnow-storms ...injurious ... ib.
and done them to Tea FarmsHail-storms, ... ih.injury by
for an invalidPlanter's life not fitted Officer or worn-out Civilian ... ib.
Tea DistrictsDiseases to the ... ...peculiar ... 114
Small Pox ... ... ... ib.
Cholera ... ... ... ... #.
Fevers ...... ... fa
and Diarrhoea ...Dysentery ... fa
Muha Murree or ... ,Plague fa
Goitre ... ... ... .^ i15
... ...Ophthalmia ... t-j
Planters to be able toThe be their ownought Physicians $
Amount of Land fitted and available the -partly throughout Kohistan of North
West Provinces and for Tea CultivationPunjab, ...
( . jjg
Tea ... ...Manufactory it . j^g
used in theImplements Factory ,,, .t t ^4
used in the Plantation ... . ,.130
fromNotification the North-WesternGovernment, HeadProvinces, Quarters,
dated the 26th of inSeptember, the Revenue1855, Department, regard-'
the Grants of Land foring Tea Cultivation in the Kumaon and Gurhwal
Districts of the Kumaon Province
. , i( 133TEA CULTIVATION
tt
KUMAON PLANTATIONS.
is or ten miles to the Eastward1. THIS situatedplace eight
and is at an elevation of aboutof Nainee Tal,
the level of the Sea.feet above It4,500
from the bottom toconsists of a succession of terraces thereaching
of loam mixed withof a small Hill the soil istop ; composed light
small of and or of which thepieces clay-slate trap green stone,
rocks areadjacent chiefly composed.
In when I visited this it covered about four1851, Plantation,
and a half acres of land. Since that time it has been extended
down to the bottom of the and now be about six acres inHill, may
extent. The bushes are in excellent andcondition, fully justify
the favorable I formed of the Plantation on first visit.opinion my
"
I in to that both the situ-theiTsfated, my Report Government,
ation and the soil of this Plantation are well to the re-adapted
of the Tea shrub." The centre theof land,quirements portion
about half the is worth out asHill,way up particularly pointing
an of what I consider Teamost excellent soil for culti-example
vation.2[ 1
A tract of land in the Hills haslarge adjoining Bhurtpp'br
setbeen for the extension of this farm. A of thisapart portion
has been cleared and a few acres remainder isthe;already planted
covered with Oak tree and various kinds of brushwood.
chiefly,
Much of new land is and andthis exceedingly steep precipitous,
has never been under cultivation of kind. The and sub-soilany
soil varies in different but consists ofparts, generally light vegeta-
ble which has been formedmould, gradually by decaying
tion. It is mixed with small and ofdensely large pieces clay-slate
and other which come to the surface.stones, frequently up
are other of the land where the soil is aBut there portions
rich in and similarloam, matter,yellowish moderately vegetable
in to that of tke best of themany respects portion Bhurtpoor
Plantation.
this land as it isa not difficult towhole, therefore,Viewing
that of it are unsuitable for the cultivationforetell large portions
are than Plantationsof Tea. muchMany parts steeper any good
and from the formation ofI have met with in the soil andChina,
I am inclined to think thethe nature of the rocks wouldplants
much from at certain of thesuffer dryness periods year.
to certainBut these of theonlyobjections apply portions
I have stated that there are otherestate. already many parts
the soil is similar to that of the best of thewhere portions original
arePlantation. These tracts less than thegenerally steep others,
forand are well the cultivation of the Teaaltogether adapted
From of Teashrub. cultivation in and frommy experience China,
the results in the PlantationBhurtpoor Isatisfactory adjoining,
would advise the and of these tracts in theclearing planting first
ainstead of andplace, general clearing planting indiscri