Reproductive strategies of K-T-crossing theria [Elektronische Ressource] : neonate and postnatal development of the morphotype of Marsupialia and Placentalia (Mammalia) / Kirsten Szdzuy

Kirsten Szdzuy

Informations

• Publié par: humboldt-universitat_zu_berlin
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 26
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 71 Mo

Extrait

Aus dem Institut für Biologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
DISSERTATION
Reproductive strategies of K/T-crossing Theria: Neonate and
postnatal development of the morphotype of Marsupialia and
Placentalia (Mammalia)

Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
d o c t o r r e r u m n a t u r a l i u m ( Dr. rer. nat.)
im Fach Biologie

eingereicht an der
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I
der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin

Dipl. Biol. Kirsten Szdzuy
geboren am 29.10.1976 in Eberswalde-Finow
Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Prof. Dr. Christoph Markschies
Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I
Prof. Dr. Thomas Buckhout (PhD)

Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Ulrich Zeller
2. Prof. Dr.Dr. Marilyn. B. Renfree 3. PD Dr. Barbara Tzschentke

eingereicht: 15. Februar 2006
Datum der Promotion: 06. Juni 2006
Table of contents

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Mammalian evolution.................................................................................................1
1.2 The K/T-mass extinction and its aftermath ................................................................5
1.3 Reproductive strategies of Marsupialia and Placentalia ............................................8
1.4 Aims of the study .....................................................................................................10
2 Material and Methods......................................................................................................13
2.1 Species examined....................................................................................................13
2.1.1 Monodelphis domestica....................................................................................15
2.1.2 Macropus eugenii .............................................................................................15
2.1.3 Mesocricetus auratus........................................................................................16
2.1.4 Suncus murinus................................................................................................17
2.1.5 Tupaia belangeri...............................................................................................18
2.1.6 Cavia aperea18
2.2 Lung structure..........................................................................................................19
2.2.1 Material / Stages19
2.2.2 Methods: Light microscopy...............................................................................20
2.2.3 Methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).........................................21
2.2.4 Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)...............................................22
2.3 Indirect Calorimetry..................................................................................................23
2.3.1 Stages examined..............................................................................................23
2.3.2 Methods / Techniques ......................................................................................24
2.3.3 Experimental procedure....................................................................................26
2.4 Phylogenetic reconstruction.....................................................................................29
3 Results ............................................................................................................................30
3.1 General postnatal development...............................................................................30
3.1.1 Characteristics of neonates ..............................................................................30
3.1.2 Postnatal development34
3.1.2.1 Monodelphis domestica.............................................................................34
3.1.2.2 Macropus eugenii ......................................................................................36
3.1.2.3 Mesocricetus auratus ................................................................................39
3.1.2.4 Suncus murinus.........................................................................................41
3.1.2.5 Tupaia belangeri........................................................................................44
3.1.2.6 Cavia aperea .............................................................................................46
3.1.3 Summary of developmental characteristics ......................................................48
3.2 Histological and ultrastructural findings of lung development ..................................49
3.2.1 Marsupialia .......................................................................................................49
3.2.1.1 Monodelphis domestica.............................................................................49
3.2.1.2 Macropus eugenii ......................................................................................77
3.2.2 Altricial Placentalia............................................................................................93
3.2.2.1 Mesocricetus auratus ................................................................................93
3.2.2.2 Suncus murinus.......................................................................................110
3.2.2.3 Tupaia belangeri......................................................................................127
3.2.3 Precocial Placentalia138
3.2.3.1 Cavia aperea ...........................................................................................138
3.2.3.2 Macroscelides proboscideus ...................................................................146
3.2.4 Monotremata (Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Tachyglossus aculeatus)..............151
3.2.5 Summary of lung development .......................................................................155
3.3 Metabolism during the early postnatal period ........................................................157
3.3.1 Marsupialia .....................................................................................................157
3.3.1.1 Monodelphis domestica...........................................................................157
3.3.1.2 Macropus eugenii ....................................................................................160
3.3.2 Altricial Placentalia..........................................................................................163
3.3.2.1 Mesocricetus auratus ..............................................................................163
3.3.2.2 Suncus murinus.......................................................................................166
3.3.2.3 Tupaia belangeri......................................................................................168
3.3.3 Precocial Placentalia170
3.3.3.1 Cavia aperea ...........................................................................................170
3.3.4 Summary of metabolic development ..............................................................172
4 Discussion.....................................................................................................................174
4.1 General characteristics of neonates and postnatal development ..........................174
4.1.1 Marsupialia .....................................................................................................174
4.1.2 Placentalia ......................................................................................................179
4.1.3 Hypothesis on characteristics of a common ancestor ....................................183
4.2 Lung structure and lung development....................................................................184
4.2.1 Marsupialia185
4.2.2 Placentalia188
4.2.3 Comparative aspects of the mammalian lung structure..................................191
4.3 Metabolism during the early postnatal period ........................................................194
4.3.1 Placentalia196
4.3.2 Marsupialia .....................................................................................................197
4.3.3 Development of thermoregulation...................................................................199
4.4 Morphotype reconstruction of the neonates of Marsupialia and Placentalia..........202
4.4.1 Marsupialia203
4.4.2 Placentalia ......................................................................................................206
4.5 Concluding discussion ...........................................................................................210
5 Summary.......................................................................................................................212
6 Zusammenfassung........................................................................................................213
References...........................................................................................................................215
Appendix.......235
Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................289
Erklärung...............................................................................................................