Research and development on radioactive waste management and storage

European Union

Description

Annual progress report 1982 of the EC programme 1980-1984
Nuclear energy and safety
Energy policy

Informations

• Publié par: EUROPEAN-UNION
• Nombre de lectures: 27
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

Research and Development
on Radioactive Waste
Management and Storage
Annual Progress Report 1982 of the European Community Programme 1980-1984
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT
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harwood academic publishers A Series of Mon°9raPhs and T™ts
for the Commission of the European Communities Volume 12 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE
MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE
Annual Progress Report 1982 of the European Community Programme 1980-1984 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT
A Series of Monographs and Tracts
Editors : D. R. Anderson, Sandia Laboratories, A. M. Piatt, Battelle Pacific
Northwest Laboratories, F. Girardi, Joint Research Center, S. Orlowski, Com­
mission of the European Communities
VOLUME 1
Radioactive Waste : Advanced Management Methods for Medium Active Liquid Waste
edited by K. W. Carley-Macauly el al.
VOLUME 2
Radioactive Waste Disposal into a Plastic Clay Formation (A Site Specific Exercise of
Probabilistic Assessment of Geological Containment) by Marco d'Alessandro and
Arnold Bonne
VOLUME 3
Management of Plutonium Contaminated Waste edited by J. R. Grover
VOLUME 4
Research and Development on Radioactive Waste Management and Storage (First Annual
Progress Report of the European Community Programme 1980-1984) Commission of the
European Communities
VOLUME 5
Migration Phenomena of Radionuclides into the Geosphere edited by B. Skytte Jensen
VOLUME 6
Actinide Recovery from Waste and Low-Grade Sources edited by J. D. Navratil and
W. W. Schulz
VOLUME 7
Management Mo'des for Iodine-129 edited by W. Hebel and G. Cottone
VOLUME 8
Research and Development on Radioactive Waste Management and Storage (Second
Annual Progress Report of the European Community Programme 1980-1984) Commis­
sion of the European Communities.
VOLUME 9
Conditioning and Storage of Spent Fuel Element Hulls edited by W. Hebel and
G. Cottone
VOLUME 10
Methods of Krypton-85 Management edited by W. Hebel and G. Cottone
VOLUME 11
The Acid Digestion Process for Radioactive Waste edited by L. Cicille and R. Simon
VOLUME 12
Research and Development on Radioactive Waste Management and Storage (Annual Pro­
gress Report 1982 of the European Community Programme 1980-1984) Commission of
the European Communities
Additional volumes in preparation
The publisher will accept continuation orders at reduced price for this series, which
may be cancelled at any time and which provide for automatic billing and shipping of
each title in the series upon publication. Please write for details.
ISSN : 0275-7273 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE
MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE
Annual Progress Report 1982 of the European Community Programme 1980-1984
harwood academic publishers
for the Commission of the European Communities &? PARL. EUROP. Biblioth.
N. C.
Com. 38. 756/1 Publication arranged by :
Commission of the European Communities
Directorate-General Information Market and Innovation
Luxembourg
Published under license by :
Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH
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© ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg, 1983
EUR 8843
Legal Notice
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf
of then is responsible for the use which might be made of the following
information.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title :
Research and development on radioactive waste management and storage.
(Radioactive waste management, ISSN 0275-7273 ; v. 12)
I. Radioactive waste disposal. 2. Nuclear facilities—Waste disposal. I. Commission
of the European Communities. II. Series.
TD898.R47 1983 621.48'38 83-22643
ISBN 3-7186-0191-5 (The Commission)
.„ISBN. 3-7186-0L9I.-5„...,ISSN^,Q;275-7273. All rights reserved. No part of this work
may be reproduced or utilized;in any form or by any means, electrical or mechanical,
1 .including .photocopying or by any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the copyright holders. Printed in France by Imprimerie
Paillart. S PREFACE TO THE SERIES
Radioactive waste management is not a new question — it arose at the
very beginning of nuclear energy. Supporting research and management
concepts were exposed and discussed within the worldwide scientific com­
munity as early as 1955, during the first Conference on the Peaceful Uses of
Atomic Energy in Geneva. Since then several management techniques
have been developed and put into practice. Specific topics may be found
in the proceedings of the numerous national and international conferences
held during the last decade.
However, today radioactive waste management has become a matter of
great public concern. An acute awareness of the pollution and other poten­
tial hazards generally associated with industrial development has to a great
extent crystallized during the last years around nuclear energy and waste
management. Its final step, the disposal of the waste, introduces a new
dimension, i.e., safety over long periods of time. Radioactive waste mana­
gement is therefore to be viewed as multidisciplinary, involving scientists,
engineers, industrialists, lawyers and even specialists in the social sciences
and ethics.
It is our hope that this series will provide a permanent record of the deve­
lopment of the various aspects of radioactive waste management which will
provide an international overview of the following areas :
— Material research
— Waste treatment conditioning and disposal technologies and practices
— Safety and risk assessment
— Economics
— Administrative, legal and financial controls
— Societal aspects CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 5
1. WASTE TREATMENT AND CONDITIONING 9
1.1. Characterisation of Conditioned Low and Medium Activity Waste Forms... 10
(Joint annual report)
1.2. Conditioning of High Activity Solid Waste : Fuel Claddings and Dissolu­
tion Residues 45
1.2.1. Embedding into matrix material8
1.2.2. Melting and conversion of zircaloy 60
1.2.3. Waste properties and characterization
1.3. Treatment and Conditioning Processes for Low and Medium Activity
Liquid Waste 72
1.3.1. Precipitation and membrane processes 74
1.3.2. Exchange processes 88
1.3.3. Particular techniques 93
1.3.4. Immobilisation methods7
1.4. Processing of Alpha-Contaminated Waste 102
1.4.1. Incineration and pyrolytic methods4
1.4.2. Washing and leaching, chemical treatment 11
1.4.3. Alpha-monitoring of wastes 12
1.3. Testing and Evaluation of Solidified High Activity Waste Forms 130
(Joint annual report)
1.6. Immobilisation and Storage of Gaseous Waste 156
1.6.1.n of Krypton-858
1.6.2. Retention of Tritium 16
1.6.3. Assesment of Iodine-129 and Carbon-14 Release 169
1.6.4. Improved aerosol filtration techniques 174