Reservoir sedimentation in dryland catchments: modelling and management [Elektronische Ressource] / von George Leite Mamede

George Leite Mamede

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_potsdam
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 34
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Institut für Geoökologie
Lehrstuhl für Hydrologie und Klimatologie






Reservoir Sedimentation in Dryland Catchments:
Modelling and Management








Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
"doctor rerum naturalium"
(Dr. rer. nat.)
in der Wissenschaftsdisziplin Hydrologie








eingereicht an der
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Universität Potsdam




von
George Leite Mamede





Potsdam, den 14. Januar 2008 Dieses Werk ist unter einem Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag lizenziert:
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Elektronisch veröffentlicht auf dem
Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam:
http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1704/
urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17047
[http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17047] Department of Geoecology
Chair for Hydrology and Climatology






Reservoir Sedimentation in Dryland Catchments:
Modelling and Management








Dissertation for the Degree of
Doctor of Natural Sciences








Submitted to the Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences
at the University of Potsdam



by

George Leite Mamede





Potsdam, January 14. 2008


III
IV PREFACE

This research has been funded by the progress of this research and for providing a
Brazilian Ministry of Education (CAPES) and pleasant work atmosphere.
developed within the framework of the I would also like to thank the col-
SESAM Project (Sediment Export from Large leagues who helped in carrying out the moni-
Semi-Arid Catchments: Measurements and toring campaigns, particularly Benjamin
Modelling). The SESAM Project is an interna- Creutzfeldt, Paulo Belo, Carlos Germano,
tional cooperation programme involving the Roberto Silva and Alexandre Costa.
University of Potsdam (Germany), the GFZ I would like to acknowledge the con-
Potsdam (Germany), the University of Lleida tributions of colleagues at several Institutions
(Spain), the Forestry and Technology Center of in Germany, Spain and Brazil in providing all
Catalonia (Spain) and the Federal University of the data I needed during the development of
Ceará (Brazil). Overall, the goal of the this research and equipment to carry out field
SESAM Project was to develop an integrated measurements. In particular, I would like to
model concept, which enables the simulation mention the GFZ Potsdam, the University of
of erosion processes at the hillslope and sub- Lleida, the Forestry and Technology Center of
basin scale, the sediment transport processes in Catalonia, the Hydrological Confederation of
rivers and sediment deposition and manage- the Ebro Basin (CHEBRO), the Water Man-
ment in reservoirs. agement Company (COGERH) and the Water
At first, I would like to express my Resources and Meteorology Foundation
utmost gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. (FUNCEME). The Brazilian Environmental
Axel Bronstert, for his support and advice dur- Institute (IBAMA) made an important contri-
ing the development of this thesis. I am par- bution in supporting monitoring campaigns in
ticularly indebted to Prof. Dr. José Carlos de the study area in Brazil.
Araújo, for many helpful discussions which I would also like to thank all my col-
improved this research. leagues at the Institute of Geoecology of the
I would also like to acknowledge the University of Potsdam, particularly Theresa
colleagues from the SESAM team, particularly Blume, Dominik Reusser, Andreas Bauer,
Prof. Dr. Ramon Batalla, Dr. Andreas Güntner Markus Morgner, Thomas Gräff, Daniel Ba-
and Dr. Eva Müller, for supporting this work zant, Stefanie Erxleben, Sabine Schrader
with their experience, with critical questions Saskia Förster, Knut Günther, Maik Heister-
and suggestions to improve it. mann, Heide Kraudelt and David Kneis.
My special thanks go to colleagues Till Finally, I am deeply grateful to my
Francke and Pedro Medeiros for helping on the wife, Gisele Mamede, for supporting me in all
situations.

V
VI
CONTENTS
List of Figures .........................................................................................................................XI
List of Tables ..........................................................................................................................XV
List of Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................XVII
Summary............................................................................................................................... XIX
Zusammenfassung................................................................................................................ XXI
1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2. Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Structure of this thesis....................................................................................................... 2
2. State of the Art of Reservoir Sedimentation..................................................................... 3
2.1. Sediment properties........................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.2. Size of Sediment Grains.................................................................................................................. 3
2.1.3. Grain Size Distribution............... 3
2.1.4. Particle Shape.................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1.5. Bulk Properties of Sediment ...... 4
2.1.6. Fall Velocity..... 4
2.2. Non-Uniform Sediment Transport in Rivers and Reservoirs........................................ 5
2.2.1. Introduction...... 5
2.2.2. Sediment Transport Modes ........ 5
2.2.3. Non-Cohesive Sediment Transport ................................................................................................. 6
2.2.4. Cohesive Sediment Transport .... 6
2.3. Reservoir Sedimentation ................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2. Generalized Deposition Patterns 7
2.3.3. Specific Weight of Reservoir Deposits ........................................................................................... 7
2.3.4. Reservoir Releasing and Trap Efficiency........................................................................................ 8
2.3.5. Empirical Methods to Predict Reservoir Sedimentation ................................................................. 9
2.3.6. Numerical Methods to Predict Reservoir Sedimentation .............................................................. 11
2.4. Sediment Management Alternatives .............................................................................. 13
2.4.1. Introduction................................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.2. Sediment Routing.......................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.3. Flushing.......... 15
2.4.4. Sediment Excavation and Dredging.............................................................................................. 15
VII2.5. Closure .............................................................................................................................. 16
3. Modelling Approaches .................................................................................................... 17
3.1. Model Structure ............................................................................................................... 17
3.1.1. General Aspects ............................................................................................................................ 17
3.1.2. Temporal and Spatial Structure............................................................