Rezente Pollenspektren der Planalto-Region der Serra Geral, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasilien [Elektronische Ressource] : Rekonstruktion der rezenten Vegetation ; eine Fallstudie / vorgelegt von Kerstin Kriegel

Kerstin

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: eberhard_karls_universitat_tubingen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 9
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

Rezente Pollenspektren der Planalto-Region der Serra
Geral, Rio Grande do Sul/ Brasilien: Rekonstruktion der
rezenten Vegetation – Eine Fallstudie





Dissertation
Zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften




der Geowissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen









vorgelegt von
Kerstin Kriegel
aus Dresden



2006



































Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 01.12.2006
Dekan: Prof. Dr. P. Grathwohl
1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Dr. hc. V. Mosbrugger
2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. em. H. Walther

Recent palynological spectra from the Planalto region
of the Serra Geral, Rio Grande do Sul/ Brazil:
Reconstruction of contemporary vegetation –
a case study



Thesis for obtaining the doctorial degree in natural sciences

at the Institute of Geosciences (IFG)

presented by
certified biologist Kerstin Kriegel

2006 Eidesstattliche Erklärung
________________________________________________________________

Hiermit erkäre ich, Kerstin Kriegel, geboren am 12.01.1977, daß ich die vorliegende Arbeit
ohne unerlaubte Hilfe und nur mit den in der Arbeit angegebenen Hilfsmitteln angefertigt
habe.
Deweiteren bestätige ich, daß bisher von mir noch kein Promotionsversuch an einer anderen
Universität unternommen wurde.


Kerstin Kriegel
Kerstin Kriegel
______________________________Acknowledgement____________________________

Acknowledgement

First and foremost I express my wholehearted gratitude to my parents, especially my father,
who encouraged me to reach this goal and conclude my tedious thesis and who sustained
me financially and affectionately all along the way.

I am indebted to TATIANA DOS SANTOS MIRANDA and EDUARDO DA SILVA PINHEIRO for
their reliable assistance in the field. Eduardo who fervently helped me as regards
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the gorgeous last two months in Brazil.

I am profoundly thankful to Prof. JOÃO A. JARENKOW (UFRGS), Prof. IVO MATZENBACHER
(UFRGS) and Prof. MARCOS SOBRAL (UFMG) for their professional help to identify the
plant material.

I am wholly appreciative to Prof. Dr. ORTRUD M. BARTH-SCHATZMAYER (Oswaldo Cruz
Institute in Rio de Janeiro), Dr. SORAIA BAUERMANN (ULBRA) and Dr. HERRMANN
BEHLING (University of Bremen/ University of Göttingen) for their generous help to
identify my pollen and spore material.

I recognize with appreciation Prof. em. Dr. Wolf Engels, the supervisor of the Laboratório
de Pesquisas Biológicas (LPB) Dr. BIRGIT HARTER-MARQUES and the Pontifícia
Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) for sympathetically placing their
laboratories and microscopes at my disposal.

I cordially thank Prof. Dr. PAULO SOUZA (UFRGS) for using the microscope-camera for my
pollen plates.

Prof. HEINRICH FRANK and his family provided me with a heartfelt and serene familiarity.




________________________________________________________________________ Kerstin Kriegel
______________________________Acknowledgement____________________________

The amicable acquaintance with SUSAN LOCK and Dr. SIMONE SCHROMM in Brazil was
inexpressibly frank and faithful. I am speechlessly thankful for their encouraging esteem
toward my work and for their authoritative assistance in the field and during the
proofreading.

I am grateful to Dr. DORIS BURK for being so inspiring and encouraging on the phone.

I am utterly thankful to Dr. MARTIN EBNER whose advices were always inciting and
exciting.

I special thank goes to JENS WAHR for his help related to GIS.

Furthermore, I am keenly appreciative to Dr. ARNE MICHEELS and Dr. TOBIAS SCHNECK,
the computer literates who efficiently limbered up my notebook for further statistical
analyses and for reanimating it after a total collapse.

I thank my colleagues MICHAEL BLOS, ALEXANDER HOHLOCH for a vivacious time and for
their inducing cooperation.

A special thank applies to SIMONE HAHNE who proofed very critically the correctness of
orthography and grammar of my thesis.

I return in gratitude Prof. Dr. ANDRÉ JASPER and his wife CÁTIA VIVIANE GONÇALVES help
regarding the Portuguese “resumo”, the exciting time and the “Kuttel-meal”.

Dr. RAHMAN ASHRAF (University of Tübingen) and Prof. ARÍ ROISENBERG (UFRGS), the
“innate brothers”, deserve my recognition for their correctional assistance and organizing
small and big burdens.

I cordially thank Prof. em. Dr. HARALD WALTHER who acted as second expert for my
thesis.


________________________________________________________________________ Kerstin Kriegel
______________________________Acknowledgement____________________________

Last not least, Prof. Dr. Dr. hc. VOLKER MOSBRUGGER, for meticulously advising me and
placing the topic of my thesis at my disposal.

But the implementation of this work was not possible without the pecuniary aid of the
DAAD (GERMAN ACADEMIC EXCHANGE SERVICE) and the LANDESSTIFTUNG FOUNDATION
of the federal state Baden-Wuerttemberg whose scholarship supported my fieldwork. The
financial support of the UNIBUND of the University of Tübingen made the publication of
this thesis possible. Therefore special thanks go to them.
________________________________________________________________________ Kerstin Kriegel
__________________________________Contents________________________________

Contents

List of figures

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Resumo

1. Introduction …………………..………………………………1

2. Material and methods ……………………………………………4
2.1 Study area ……………...…………………………………….4
2.1.1. Geographical position ……………………………………4
2.1.2 Landscape, geomorphology and soil ……………………6
2.1.3 Climate ……………..…………………………………….9
2.1.4 Vegetation in the study area …………………………………..10
1. Semi-deciduous forest (Floresta Estacional Semidecidual) ..................13
2. Deciduous forest (Floresta Estacional Decidual) ..............................16
3. Araucaria forest (Floresta Ombrófila Mista, Mata de Araucária) ......17
4. Islands of Araucaria forest (Capões, Matas insulares) …………..20
5. Gallery forest (Mata de Galeria) …………………………………..21
6. Grassland (Campo and Capoeira) ......................................................22
7. Anthropogenic disturbed area …………………………………..25
2.2 Characterisation of vegetation by palynological analysis …...27
2.2.1 Sampling of surface-soil samples ……………...…………...29
2.2.2 Preparation of surface -soil samples…………………….………29
2.2.3 Palynological analysis …………………………………..32
2.2.4 Data analysis ………………………………………………….33
2.3 Mapping of the vegetation ..34
Kerstin Kriegel
__________________________________Contents________________________________

3. Results ………………………………………………………..37
3.1 Pollen diagrams - distribution of pollen and spores in the
different vegetation types ………………………………….37
3.1.1 Distribution of pollen and spores in semi-deciduous forests ………………………………….37
3.1.2 Distribution of pollen and spores in
deciduous forests ………………………………………….38
3.1.3 Distribution of pollen and spores in Araucaria forests ……………………………...…………..41
3.1.4 Distribution of pollen and spores in Capões ………………….44
3.1.5 Distribution of pollen and spores in gallery forests ………….46
3.1.6 Distribution of pollen and spores in Capoeira vegetation ….48
3.1.7 Distribution of pollen and spores in Campo vegetation ….50
3.1.8 Distribution of pollen and spores in
anthropogenic affected area …………………………………52
3.2 Distribution of spores of Cyatheaceae and Dicksonia sellowiana in the study area (ArcGIS analysis) ………….54
3.3 Principal components analysis (PCA) ………………….57
3.3.1 Dispersion of samples ………………………………….57
3.3.2 Dispersion of taxa ………………………………………….58
3.3.3 Loadings of the components ………………………………….60
3.4 Cluster analysis ………………………………………….62
3.4.1 Cluster analysis for all samples ………………………….62
3.4.2 Cluster analysis for samples of forest vegetation …………..64
3.4.3 Clustefor samples of Campo vegetation and
samples with intense interaction to Campo vegetation …..64
3.5. Comparison of vegetation mapping with the palynological analysis …………………………………..67


Kerstin Kriegel
__________________________________Contents________________________________

4. Discussion and conclusion …………………………………....73
4.1 Discussion ………………………………………………….73
4.1.1 Interpretation of palynological spectra from
TILIA-analyses and interpolated raster data (ArcGIS) …