Safer Homes, Stronger Communities

Abhas K. Jha

Description

Best practices in post-disaster housing and community reconstruction are constantly evolving. The frequency and severity of disasters are increasing and technology is changing how reconstruction is done. Reconstruction projects must increasingly focus on the need to reduce future risks by ensuring that what is rebuilt is safer and more disaster-resilient than what was there before. The expanding role of communities in managing community reconstruction, with financial and technical assistance from government, is another way reconstruction is changing.
'Safer Homes, Stronger Communities' is a handbook that gives policy makers and project managers the information they need to plan and carry out housing and community reconstruction projects that empower communities affected by disasters and that reduce their vulnerability to future disasters.
The handbook includes nearly 100 case studies collected from global experts with recent experience in housing reconstruction that illustrate how the policies and practical approaches recommended in the handbook have been used on the ground. It also includes links to extensive technical information on the topics covered by the handbook and is complemented by a Web site for practitioners in the field (http://www.housingreconstruction.org).
Designed to provide immediate guidance in post-disaster reconstruction settings, 'Safer Homes, Stronger Communities' is a vital resource for policy makers and project managers, and for all practitioners involved in post-disaster housing and community reconstruction and disaster risk management.

Sujets

• Land use planning
• Urban planning

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 15 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 46
• EAN13: 9780821382684
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 16 Mo

Extrait

Safer Homes, Stronger Communities
A Handbook for Reconstructing after Natural Disasters
Abhas K. Jha
with
Jennifer Duyne Barenstein
Priscilla M. Phelps
Daniel Pittet
Stephen Sena
GFDRR
GLOGLOBAL FOBAL FAACILITY FOR DISASTERCILITY FORD ISASTER
REDUCTION AND RECOVERYSafer Homes, Stronger Communities Safer Homes, Stronger Communities
A Handbook for Reconstructing after Natural Disasters
Abhas K. Jha
with
Jennifer Duyne Barenstein
Priscilla M. Phelps
Daniel Pittet
Stephen Sena© 2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: http://www.worldbank.org
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All rights reserved
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8045-1
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8268-4
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8045-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for.
ivCONTENTS
The Process of Response and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
A Note to the Policy Maker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

A Note to the Project Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . xxi
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxiii
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
Guiding Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
PART 1 Reconstruction Tasks and How to Undertake Them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 1 Assessing Damage and Defi ning Reconstruction Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 1 Early Recovery: The Context for Housing and Community Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 2 Assessing Damage and Setting Reconstruction Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Annex 1 How to Do It: Conducting a Post-Disaster Housing Sector Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
x 2 How to Do It: Assessing Per Housing Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Chapter 3 Communication in Post-Disaster Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Annex 1 How to Do It: Conducting a Communication-Based Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
x 2 Culture and Other Contextual Factors in Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 4 Who Gets a House? The Social Dimension of Housing Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Annex 1 How to Do It: Considerations in Designing a Social Protection
System for Natural Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Annex 2 How to Do It: Conducting a Post-Disaster Social Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Chapter 5 To Relocate or Not to Relocate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Annex How to Do It: Developing a Post-Disaster Resettlement Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Chapter 6 Reconstruction Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
vv Section 2 Planning Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Chapter 7 Land Use and Physical Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Annex 1 How to Do It: Undertaking a Comprehensive Planning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
x 2 How to Do It: Post-Disaster Planning Where Planning Law and
Institutional Capacity Are Weak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Chapter 8 Infrastructure and Services Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Chapter 9 Environmental Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Annex 1 How to Do It: Developing a Disaster Debris Management Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
x 2 How to Do It: Carrying Out Environmental Impact Assessment and
Environmental Monitoring of Reconstruction Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Chapter 10 Housing Design and Construction Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Annex Adapting Vernacular Building Technologies: Some Good Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Chapter 11 Cultural Heritage Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Section 3 Project Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Chapter 12 Community Organizing and Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Annex 1 How to Do It: Establishing a Community Facilitation System
for Post-Disaster Housing and Community Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Annex 2 How to Do It: Developing a Community Participation Proile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Chapter 13 Institutional Options for Reconstruction Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Chapter 14 International, National, and Local Partnerships in Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Chapter 15 Mobilizing Financial Resources and Other Reconstruction Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Annex 1 How to Do It: Deciding Whether to Procure and Distribute
Reconstruction Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Annex 2 How to Do It: Establishing a Grievance Redressal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Chapter 16 Training Requirements in Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
PART 2 Monitoring and Information Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Chapter 17 Information and Communications Technology in Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Annex 1 How to Do It: A Primer on Acquiring Satellite Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
x 2 A Primer on GIS and GIS Data Sources . . . . . . . ..