Climate and global change

European Commission Directorate-General For The Information Society And Media Directorate-General For Research And Innovation

Description

Proceedings of the European School of Climatology and Natural Hazards course, held in Arles/Rhône, France, from 4 to 12 April 1990
Environmental degradation
Environmental research

Sujets

• Atmosphere
• Climate

Informations

• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-THE-INFORMATION-SOCIETY-AND-MEDIA-DI
• Nombre de lectures: 25
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

Commission of the European Communities
Climate and global change
Edited by
J. C. Duplessy, A Pons, R. Fantechi
EUR 13149 EN Commission of the European Communities
environment and
quality of life
Climate and global change
Proceedings of the European School
of Climatology and Natural Hazards course,
held in Arles/Rhône, France, from 4 to 12 April 1990
Edited by :
J. C Duplessy, A. Pons, R. Fantechi
Commission of the European Communities
200, rue de la Loi
Β-1049 Brussels
Directorate-Genera
Science, Research and Dev nt
1991 ,.. r EUR 13149 EN Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation
L-2920 Luxembourg
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting
on behalf of then is responsible for the use which might be made of
the following information
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1991
ISBN 92-826-2779-9 Catalogue number: CD-NA-13149-EN-C
© ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1991
Printed in France Table of Contents
Foreword V
List of teachers VII
List of students VII
Programme x
Papers Included In this volume:
CLIMATE AND GLOBAL CHANGE 1
1. Natural Variability of the Geosphere -
Biosphere System
J.C. DUPLESSY - Variability of the Earth's Climate ... 3
A. PONS - Variability of the Continental Biosphere ... 19
A. BERGER - The Greenhouse Effect 35
2. Blooeochemical Cycles and their Perturbation by
Human Activities 5
E. MAIER-REIMER - The C02 Cycle7
P. LISS - The Sulphur Cycle 75
J. RUDOLPH - The Tropospherlc Cycles of Methane and
Other Hydrocarbons 91
3. Monitorino and Forecasting Global Changes 10
C.J.E. SCHUURMANS - Climatic Evolution During the
Last Century 107
M. ECKARDT - Albedo Changes and Satellite Observation
of the Earth 123
J. MITCHELL - Modelling Global Change:
- Simulation of Climate 139
-n ofe Change 15
J. PINTO PEIXOTO - The Hydrological Cycle 197
III S. RIVAS-MARTINEZ - Bioclimatic Belts of West Europe
(Relations between Blocllmate
and Plant Ecosystems) "!>
A. IMESON - Climate Global Change and Land
Degradation 247
R. FRASSETTO - Human Response to Global Change 26b
STUDENTS' PAPERS 271
F. Alonso-Sarrla - Drainage Basins Features and
Hldrologlcal Behaviour. River
Mlnateda Basin 273
A. Bartzokas - Climatic Fluctuation of Temperature
and D.A. Metaxas and Air Circulation In the
Mediterranean9
Matthias M. Boer - Landscape Geological Impact of
CIimatic Change 29
F. David - Relationships Between Holocene Vegetation
and the Spreading Out of Civilizations and
Languages In Southwestern-Asia 30b
E.A. Flocas - The Phenomenon of Cyclogenesls over
the Aegean Sea 311
R. Gavilán - Some Aspects About the Climate/Vegetation
Relationships In the Iberian Central
Systemb
P. DI Girolamo - Ozone Destruction on Polar
Stratospheric Aerosols 32
M.G. Healy - Holocene Sediment Stratigraphy and the
Generation of Observed Data - An example
from Mounts Bay, Cornwall,
South-West Eng I and 32
C. Helnze - Variability of the Ocean Carbon Cycle -
A Modelling Approach Towards an
Explanation of the Glacial pC02
Reduction In the Atmosphere 337
O.K. Kakallagou - A Comparison Among the Different
Types of Conformai Map
Projections 343
S.C. King - Late Quaternary Palaeoceanography of
the Peru Margin9
R. Valentini - CO2 and Water Vapour Exchanges of
a Mediterranean Macchia Canopy 351
IV EUROPEAN SCHOOL OF CLIMATOLOGY AND NATURAL HAZARDS
Foreword
The training of new scientific and technical staff and the
development of highly qualified scientific specialists are and
always have been among the prime concerns of the Commission of the
European Communities, which regards this task as a major
requirement for the Implementation of a common policy In science
and technology.
The European School of Climatology and Natural Hazards Is a part of
the training and education activities of EPOCH (European Programme
on Climatology and Natural Hazards).
It annually organizes courses open to graduating, graduate or post
graduate students In appropriate fields of Climatology, Natural
Hazards and closely related fields.
The courses are organized in cooperation with European Institutions
Involved in the carrying out of the Community's R&D programmes on
Climatology and Natural Hazards, and are aimed at allowing students
to attend formal lectures and to participate in informal
discussions with leading research workers. The opportunity for
demonstrations, case studies or presentation of posters is given to
the students attending the courses.
The teachers are selected among European Scientists who are leading
authorities in their respective fields.
The present volume contains the lessons delivered at the course
held In Arles/Rhône, France, from 4th to 12th April 1990 on the
subject "Climate and Global Change", together with short
presentations from the students of their own research activities
and interests.
It Is hoped to constitute a valuable permanent record of the
course, and to stimulate further Interest on the part of teachers
and students al ike.
R. FANTECHI
Head of Service List of Teachers
Prof. A. Berger Université Catholique de Louvain,
Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique
Georges Lemattre, Louva Ι η­1a­Neuve, Β
Dr. J.C. Duplessy C.N.R.S., Centre des Faibles
Radioactivités, Laboratoire Mixte CNRS­
CEA, Gif/Yvette, F
Dipl. Met. M. Eckardt Institut für Meteorologie,
Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, D
Prof. R. Frassetto CNR ­ ISDGM, National Research Council
Ven I ce, Ven I ce, I
Dr. A.C. In Fysisch Geografisch BodemkundIng
Laboratorium,
Landscape and Environmental Research
Group,
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL
Dr. P.S. Llss y of East Anglia,
School of Environmental Sciences,
Norwich, UK
Dr. E. Maler­Relmer Max­Planck­lnstItut für Meteorologie,
Hamburg, D
Dr. J.F.B. MltchelI Meteorological Office (Met. 020),
Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
Prof. H. Oeschger Physics Institute,
University of Bern, Bern, CH
Prof. Dr. J. Pinto Instituto Geofísico do Infante D. Luis,
Peixoto Faculdade de Ciências,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Ρ
Prof. A. Pons Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de
St. Jérôme,
Université de Droit, d'Economie et des
Sciences d'Alx­MarselI le,
Laboratoire de Botanique Historique et
Palynologie, Marseille, F
Prof. S. Rivas­Mart Inez Universidad Complutense,
Facultad de Farmacia,
Departamento de Biologia de las Plantas,
I I , Madrid, E
Dr. J. Rudolph Institut für Atmosphärische Chemie,
JülIch, D
Dr. C.J.E. Schuurmans IMOU, Department of Physics,
University of Utrecht, Utrecht, NL
vn List of Students
to which the Commission of the European Communities
has a grant for participation
HOV I NE Stéphane Β ADAMO Paola I
JOLLY DominiqueFALONSO SARRIA FranciscoE
KAKALIAGOU OlgaGRAMORUSOAntone I laI
KING Stephen UK ANDREJean-Frédérle Β
KWADIJKJaapNLBARTZOKASAristidesGR
LEAN JenniferUKBOER Matthias NL
LORENZETTIMaria Chiara ICONNOLLEYWlII lamUK
ESTEBANPARRAMaria JesusEMELETI Char Ik lea GR
MICHEL ElIsabethFFLOCAS HelenaGR
MOTA Ana MariaΡFRIEDLINGSTEIN Pierre Β
PENALBA Maria Cr Ist Ina E GARVEY Liam IRE
GAVILÁNRosarlo GloriaEPLASS Christ lan D
HEALYMichaelIRESCHULTZ HartmutD
HEINZEChristophDTOURPAL Ι Κ learetIGR
HEWER FionaUK
VIII