L'évolution de la géographie des océans et des littoraux face aux perspectives du développement durable au XXIe siècle. Quelles hypothèses envisager?//The geography of coasts and seas facing sustainable development: what could be the future? - article ; n°621 ; vol.110, pg 509-526

A. Miossec

Description

Annales de Géographie - Année 2001 - Volume 110 - Numéro 621 - Pages 509-526
The increasing movement of economic growth within the last 50'years has had major spatial effects. In the developed countries, the coastal activities has been more and more important as they were in the past two centuries: ports and touristic areas has suffered a high pressure of men and activities which need large areas to be built. As a consequence, the quality of life in the coastal zone began questionable. In an other hand, in a large part of countries which have chosen a planified way, pressure was higher inside the boundaries and, except some Windows on the sea, the major areas of economic development took plance inland. Since a few years, things are quickly moving. A new deal give way to a major era of economic growth in the coastal zone and nowhere in the world it can be found a territory really out of the movement. Singapour is now the main port ofthe world and a lot of Asian places are also on the coast. All that situation has important geographic effects at all scales of study. As the coastal zone is limited, the increasing movement for the best places on the sea explain a lot of alteration for the environment. During the seventies, some developed countries have experimented local solutions, within the Coastal Zone Management Act in the USA but also in France where a moving policy toward more conservation and protection took place. As exspected by the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, the world is now facing a lot of challenges, especially for the coastal zone and the oceans, as agenda 21 shows. It highlights a new step with the milestone of an exspected integrated coastal management. According to the new era opened a few years ago, what is the future for oceans and the coastal zone. What do whe know and what are we ignoring at this time? The natural perspectives are dominated by the sea level rise and the communities as the states to mind the future as a management of the sea level rise. As they do according to the climate global change, taking tessons from El Niño as scientific proofs are really convaincing. The technology will also give new possibilities on the good way for a more sustainable development: it depends however of the opportunity to give a large way to integrated coastal and ocean management. That is better to explain on the paper than to train on the field, as geographical studies will take attention for forthcoming years.
Que sera l'avenir des océans et des zones côtières ? C'est à la lumière du passé qu'il faut comprendre les évolutions futures. L'actuelle phase de mondialisation des échanges, qui exprime le triomphe du libéralisme sous toutes ses formes a d'évidentes conséquences sur les littoraux où la pression s'accentue. Elle apporte avec elle une compétition plus forte pour l'espace et menace la qualité globale de l'environnement marin et côtier. On peut prévoir que ces phénomènes vont se poursuivre mais on sait également que la communauté internationale s'est inquiétée, depuis le sommet de la terre de Rio de Janeiro en 1992, des conséquences d'un essor mal maîtrisé. Le Chapitre 17 de l'Agenda 21 met en avant divers principes, à partir d'ailleurs de politiques plus ou moins efficaces élaborées par exemple en France et aux États-Unis : on n'entre pas dans le millénaire à l'aveugle et bien des incertitudes subsistent, qui mobiliseront les géographes du monde entier. Parmi elles, l'élévation contemporaine du niveau des mers menace les biens et les personnes trop exposés mais elle invite chacun à la sagesse et à une gestion précautionneuse de l'environnement maritime et côtier.
18 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.

Sujets

• Sciences et techniques

Informations

• Publié par: ANNALES_DE_GEOGRAPHIE
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2001
• Nombre de lectures: 61
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

M. Alain Miossec
L'évolution de la géographie des océans et des littoraux face
aux perspectives du développement durable au XXIe siècle.
Quelles hypothèses envisager?//The geography of coasts and
seas facing sustainable development: what could be the future?
In: Annales de Géographie. 2001, t. 110, n°621. pp. 509-526.
Citer ce document / Cite this document :
Miossec Alain. L'évolution de la géographie des océans et des littoraux face aux perspectives du développement durable au
XXIe siècle. Quelles hypothèses envisager?//The geography of coasts and seas facing sustainable development: what could be
the future?. In: Annales de Géographie. 2001, t. 110, n°621. pp. 509-526.
doi : 10.3406/geo.2001.1718
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/geo_0003-4010_2001_num_110_621_1718Abstract
The increasing movement of economic growth within the last 50'years has had major spatial effects. In
the developed countries, the coastal activities has been more and more important as they were in the
past two centuries: ports and touristic areas has suffered a high pressure of men and activities which
need large areas to be built. As a consequence, the quality of life in the coastal zone began
questionable. In an other hand, in a large part of countries which have chosen a planified way, pressure
was higher inside the boundaries and, except some Windows on the sea, the major areas of economic
development took plance inland. Since a few years, things are quickly moving. A new deal give way to a
major era of economic growth in the coastal zone and nowhere in the world it can be found a territory
really out of the movement. Singapour is now the main port ofthe world and a lot of Asian places are
also on the coast. All that situation has important geographic effects at all scales of study. As the coastal
zone is limited, the increasing movement for the best places on the sea explain a lot of alteration for the
environment. During the seventies, some developed countries have experimented local solutions, within
the Coastal Zone Management Act in the USA but also in France where a moving policy toward more
conservation and protection took place. As exspected by the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, the world is
now facing a lot of challenges, especially for the coastal zone and the oceans, as agenda 21 shows. It
highlights a new step with the milestone of an exspected integrated coastal management. According to
the new era opened a few years ago, what is the future for oceans and the coastal zone. What do whe
know and what are we ignoring at this time? The natural perspectives are dominated by the sea level
rise and the communities as the states to mind the future as a management of the sea level rise. As
they do according to the climate global change, taking tessons from El Niño as scientific proofs are
really convaincing. The technology will also give new possibilities on the good way for a more
sustainable development: it depends however of the opportunity to give a large way to integrated
coastal and ocean management. That is better to explain on the paper than to train on the field, as
geographical studies will take attention for forthcoming years.
Résumé
Que sera l'avenir des océans et des zones côtières ? C'est à la lumière du passé qu'il faut comprendre
les évolutions futures. L'actuelle phase de mondialisation des échanges, qui exprime le triomphe du
libéralisme sous toutes ses formes a d'évidentes conséquences sur les littoraux où la pression
s'accentue. Elle apporte avec elle une compétition plus forte pour l'espace et menace la qualité globale
de l'environnement marin et côtier. On peut prévoir que ces phénomènes vont se poursuivre mais on
sait également que la communauté internationale s'est inquiétée, depuis le sommet de la terre de Rio
de Janeiro en 1992, des conséquences d'un essor mal maîtrisé. Le Chapitre 17 de l'Agenda 21 met en
avant divers principes, à partir d'ailleurs de politiques plus ou moins efficaces élaborées par exemple en
France et aux États-Unis : on n'entre pas dans le millénaire à l'aveugle et bien des incertitudes
subsistent, qui mobiliseront les géographes du monde entier. Parmi elles, l'élévation contemporaine du
niveau des mers menace les biens et les personnes trop exposés mais elle invite chacun à la sagesse
et à une gestion précautionneuse de l'environnement maritime et côtier.évolution de la géographie des océans
et des littoraux face aux perspectives
du développement durable au xxie siècle
Quelles hypothèses envisager
The development geography what of coasts could and be the seas future facing sustainable
Alain Miossec
Professeur Institut de Géographie de Université de Nantes France
UMR 6554 du CNRS Géolittomer
Résumé Que sera avenir des océans et des zones côtières est la lumière du passé
il faut comprendre les évolutions futures actuelle phase de mondialisation
des échanges qui exprime le triomphe du libéralisme sous toutes ses formes
évidentes conséquences sur les littoraux où la pression accentue Elle appor
te avec elle une compétition plus forte pour espace et menace la qualité glo
bale de environnement marin et côtier On peut prévoir que ces phénomènes
vont se poursuivre mais on sait également que la communauté internationale
est inquiétée depuis le sommet de la terre de Rio de Janeiro en 992 des con
séquences un essor mal maîtrisé Le Chapitre de Agenda 21 met en avant
divers principes partir ailleurs de politiques plus ou moins efficaces élabo
rées par exemple en France et aux tats-Unis on entre pas dans le millénaire
aveugle et bien des incertitudes subsistent qui mobiliseront les géographes
du monde entier Parmi elles élévation contemporaine du niveau des mers
menace les biens et les personnes trop exposés mais elle invite chacun la sa
gesse et une gestion précautionneuse de environnement maritime et côtier
Abstract The increasing movement of economic growth within the last years has had
major spatial effects In the developed countries the coastal activities has been
more and more important as they were in the past two centuries ports and tou
ristic areas has suffered high pressure of men and activities which need large
areas to be built As consequence the quality of life in the coastal zone began
questionable In an other hand in large part of countries which have chosen
plan ed way pressure was higher inside the boundaries and except some
windows on the sea the major areas of economic development took plance in
land Since few years things are quickly moving new deal give way to
major era of economic growth in the coastal zone and nowhere in the world it
can be found territory really out of the movement Singapour is now the main
port of the world and lot of Asian places are also on the coast All that situation
has important geographic effects at all scales of study As the coastal zone is li
mited the increasing movement for the best places on the sea explain lot of
alteration for the environment During the seventies some developed countries
have experimented local solutions within the Coastal Zone Management Act in
the USA but also in France where moving policy toward more conservation
and protection took place As exspected by the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992 the
world is now facing lot of challenges especially for the coastal zone and the
Ann Gèo. no 621 2001 pages 509-526 Armand Colin 510 Alain Miossec ANNALES DE OGRAPHIE 621 2001
oceans as agenda 21 shows It highlights new step with the milestone of an
exspected integrated coastal management According to the new era opened
few years ago what is the future for oceans and the coastal zone What do whe
know and what are we ignoring at this time The natural perspectives are domi
nated by the sea level rise and the communities as the states to mind the future
as management of the sea level rise As they do according to the climate global
change taking lessons from El Nino as scientific proofs are really convaincing
The technology will also give new possibilities on the good way for more sus-
tainable development it depends however of the opportunity to give large way
to integrated coastal and ocean management That is better to explain on the pa
per than to train on the field as geographical studies will take attention for for
thcoming years
Mots-clés Environnement côtier politique de la mer et des côtes développement durable
gestion intégrée des zones côtières changement climatique global
Key-Words Coastal activities ocean and coastal development Integrated coastal zone ma
nagement ocean and coastal policy sustainable development global change
Introduction
Les littoraux ont toujours été des lieux très attractifs Ouverts sur la mer
et les mystères que masquaient les horizons marins ils furent te