Mangroves of Africa and Madagascar

Directorate-General For Translation European Commission

Description

Environmental degradation
Vegetable production

Sujets

• Ecosystem
• Natural resource
• Africa
• Madagascar
• Economic geography
• Environmental policy
• Environmental movement

Informations

• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION
• Nombre de lectures: 23
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

ND MADAGASCAR
Commission of lhe European Communities * · Directorate-General for Development Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1992
ISBN 92-826-3984-3
© ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1992
Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is
acknowledged.
Printed in Belgium Preface
his book aims to give a concise presentation of mangroves and the
problems of their conservation in Africa and Madagascar. It proposes T where possible the actions required to preserve mangroves and
rationally develop those regions where they grow. The book also looks in detail
at the specific problems related to mangroves in seven African countries and
Madagascar. For this reason it should be of interest to all those working in, or
having dealings with, countries or regions where mangroves grow.
The book has been written for a wide audience and is not specifically
directed at mangrove specialists. It does aim, however, to be of use to them by
including an extensive bibliography; this should help researchers pursue any
of the different aspects of the subject raised in the book.
Mangroves of Africa and Madagascar is based on a report of the same name
prepared in 1987 for the Directorate-General for Development (DG VIII) of the
Commission of the European Communities by SECA (Société d'Eco-
Aménagement) of Montpellier, France and the Centre for Environmental
Studies of the University of Leiden, the Netherlands. The report appeared in
French and English and was written by J.M. Kramkimel and B. Bousquet.
Some data from the report has been updated by the original authors for the
purposes of the present book.
This book was written by Alan Ward and Peter Bunyard with the support of
the European Community. The design, layout, tables and diagrams were
produced by Poplar, Brussels, Belgium and The Ecological Press, Wadebridge,
United Kingdom.
Ill Contents
Page Number
Introduction XII
Chapter 1
General Characteristics of Mangroves 1
Definitions and geographical distribution
Preferred mangrove sites
Vegetation of mangroves 3
African and Malagasy Mangroves 5
Zoning
Mangrove limits 6
Extent and distribution 7
Chapter Two 10
Productivty and biomass
The role of detritus1
Chapter Three5
Molluscs, crustaceans and fishes 1
Reptiles, birds and mammals8
Chapter Four 22
Land use patterns in mangrove
Chapter Five7
Fishing resources
Fish catch
Prawns
Crabs 30
Echinodermata
Fish1
Aquaculture3 e in 'open water'6 Chapter Six 43
Forestry
Mangrove products and use in Africa and Madagascar 4
Forestry6
Logging Techniques7
Transport: difficulties and potential improvement 48
Mangrove silviculture 4e stand management9
The forestry potential of mangrove 51
Production objectives3
Choice of a silviculture method
Chapter Seven 56
Salt extraction
The salt extraction process
Chapter Eight 60
Agriculture
Rice cultivation systems2
Chapter Nine8
Settlement, urbanization and industrial development: patterns
and impact
Urban and Industrial pollution 6
Mining and oil production9
Dam construction 71
Chapter Ten
Conservation, recreation and education
Nature conservation8
Tourism, recreation and education 80
Development options
Guinea, a plan for the future?4
Bibliography 93
VI CASE HISTORIES
Nigeria 103
Physical geography
Physical processes5
The Riverine system
The marine/coastal system 106
The estuarine system7
Physical eology of the estuarine system9
Wildlife 110
Vegetation1
Aquatic life
Human Geography2
National level 11
Local level3
Agriculture5
Fishery and fish culture6
Forestry7
Life stock8
Housing
The oil industry 120
Industry and transport1
Aspects of change
Conclusions and recommendations2
Bibliography4
Cameroon7
Physical geography 12
The Cameroon coast9
Physical processes 132
Riverine system
Estuarinem4
Physical ecology
Vegetation5
Wildlife7
Aquatic life
Molluscs 13
VII Human Geography 140
Fishery1
Forestry3
Political concern for the mangrove ecosystem 144
Agents of change5
Industrial pollution 146
Port extension7
Douala extenstion
Plantation agriculture
Artisinal fishery 148
Dam construction 14
Recommendations
Policies
Research9
Bibliography 151
Madagascar3
Distribution and physical environment 15
Geology and morphology4
Climate 15
Vegetation and fauna of Malasy mangroves7
Composition, zonaüon and distribution of flora 15
Wild fauna of Malasy mangroves8
Development and utilisation of Malasy mangroves 160
Fishery 161
Recommendations for management and conservation2
Protected Mangroves3
Exploited and degraded mangroves 16
Conservation policy and legislative measured4
Recommendations on research and training5
Bibliography8
VIII