Rapeseed 00 and intoxication of wild animals

European Commission Directorate-General For Agriculture And Rural Development Directorate-General For The Information Society And Media

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Agricultural and fisheries research
Veterinary sector and animal health

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• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-AGRICULTURE-AND-RURAL-DEVELOPMENT-DI
• Nombre de lectures: 46
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

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Commission of the European Communities
AGRICULTURE
Rapeseed 00 and intoxication
of wild animals
Report
EUR 11771 EN Commission of the European Communities
AGRICULTURE
Rapeseed 00 and intoxication
of wild animals
Edited by
Melvin F. Askew
ADAS/MAFF
Wolverhampton
United Kingdom
Sponsored by the
Commission of the European Communities
Directorate-General for Agriculture
Coordination of Agricultural Research
1990 EUR 11771 EN Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation
Scientific and Technical Communication Unit
L-2920 Luxembourg
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on be­
half of then is responsible for the use which might be made of the follow­
ing information
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1990
ISBN 92-826-1947-8
Catalogue number: CD-NA-11771-EN-C
© ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1990
Printed in Belgium PREFACE
This publication contains the Proceedings of the meeting of Experts
concerning oilseed rape and wildlife, which met in Brussels, Belgium
under the auspices of the Commission of the European Communities,
Directorate General VI.
The meeting involved Experts from both EEC member states and non-EEC
member states reflecting the fact that neither rapeseed production nor
any effects upon wildlife are purely an EEC concern.
The objectives were:
i) To assess the potential for and development of oilseed rape in
major European production areas and assess extent of Introduction
of so called double-low varieties.
ii) To assess double low varieties of rapeseed relative to single
low varieties and other brassicae especially in the production
phase and identify any specific problems that may arise due to
the introduction of double low rapeseed, especially with respect
to wildlife.
iii) To discuss and examine relationships, if any, between wildlife
populations and any increase in area of double low rapeseed and
come to clear scientific understanding of them.
iv) To co-ordinate and improve collaboration between researchers and
to highlight areas in fields of discussion that require further
research and elucidation ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The participants at this meeting wish to express their gratitude to the
Commission of the European Communities for its practical and financial
help; particular thanks are due to Madame Micheline Wauters.
At the time of meeting preparation, postal difficulties were a major
constraint on communication and the tremendous efforts made by everyone
involved in the meeting and other colleagues throughout Europe who
readily gave up time to ensure a successfully staged meeting are
gratefully acknowledged.
Dr Brian Boag who undertook to record and produce a transcript of
discussions, a vital and illuminating part of the meeting, made a major
contribution and the efforts of many colleagues in telephone, clerical
and typing services at MAFF Regional Office, Wolverhampton who supported
every aspect of this meeting deserve thanks.
The efforts of Dr Stephen Tapper of the Game Conservancy in UK proofing
papers is gratefully acknowledged.
IV CONTENTS
Preface ΠΙ
AcknowledgementsIV
Definitionofdouble low oilseed rapeVIII
THE CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF OC RAPESEED
IN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY
1. Oilseed rape situation in France
(A. Pouzet) 2
2.Developmentand future of rapeseed in the
FederalRepublic of Germany
(G.Röbbelen,D. Brauer)7
3.Theoilseedrape crop in United Kingdom
(M.F.Askew)22
4. Oilseed rape in Denmark. Development of
production and observations of impact on wildlife
(K. Hansen) 31
OBSERVATIONSOF WILDLIFE IN THE FIELD RELATING TO
INTERACTIONSWITH RAPESEED (Ό· QR '00")
(i) Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 39
5. Field observations on variety preference by
vertebrates for oilseed rape in England
(CJ. Feare, J.T. Wadsworth, I.R. Inglis, A.N. Meyer) 40
6. Observations on the grazing of two oilseed
rape and two fodder rape varieties by the wild
rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in Scotland
(B. Boag, W.H. Macfarlane Smith, D.W. Griffiths)6
(il) European (Brown) Hare (Lepus europaeus syn L. capensis) 53
7. The European hare : past, present, future
(E. Schneider, M. Nenner) 54 8. Results of surveillance of wildlife in France.
'00' rapeseed and wild mammals
(C. Mallet, J. Barrat) 70
9. Studies on roe deer and rapeseed in Austria
(F. Tataruch, K. Onderscheka, T. Steineck)3
10. Roe deer and European hare in the FRG.
The ecological background for the '00' rapeseed discussion
(D. Eisfeld) 87
11. Feeding studies with hares and domestic
rabbits on different rape varieties in Bavaria
(W.I.F. Richter, F.W. Klein, P. Hofman) 94
12. Oilseed rape and wildlife in Southern Sweden
(B. Frylestam, R. Bergstrom, F. Sandegren) 102
13. Eutrophication as a significant background
problem for European wildlife
(H. Ellenberg) 11
General discussion following all first day's papers 131
CONTROLLED SCIENTIFIC STUDIES
(i) Chemistry of the Rapeseed Plant 135
14. Glucosinolate, content and S-methyl cysteine sulphoxide
(SMCO) content of green tissue of various Brassica SPP.
(W. H. Macfarlane Smith, D. W. Griffiths, B. Boag) 136
15. Glucosinolate, nitrate and protein content in green matter of
rapeseed (Brassica napus) and their possible effects on wildlife.
(R. Marquard) 143
(ü) Wildlife 151
16. Selection of '00' oilseed rape crops by rabbits,
hares and deer grazing at night
(S. Tapper, R. Cox)2
17. A survey of mortality of the European hare
in the Federal Republic of Germany
(M. Nenner, E. Schneider) 16
18. Studies in Hesse (FRG) on European hare :
population and habitat
(M. Pegel) 174
VI 19. Food selection by hares in the field
(M. Petrak, H.G. Uhi) 185
20. Controlled feeding studies on European hares in FRG
(M. Pegel) 293
21. Controlled feeding trial on captive hares with rapeseed
(P. DouvUle de Franssu) 20
22. Pathology and epidemiology of the so-called
"hare death" in 1986/87 in central Hesse
(U.Eskens) 211
23. Preliminary results of investigations in clostridial
enterotoxaemia in wildlife and its alleged connection
with increased oilseed rape cultivation in Germany
(H. Boehnel) 22
24. Controlled feeding studies on roe, red and fallow deer
(E. Ueckerman, W. Lutz, R. Marquard) 234
General discussion following all formal paper presentations 243
25. Snow cover and winter temperatures in the major oilseed
rape growing areas of Western Europe : 1987/88
(I.A. Barrie) 245
R&D Recommendations : "00" Rapeseed & Wildlife 251
Agreed Conclusions 253
Delegate List7
VII IMPORTANT DEFINITION
Double low (double zero) rapeseed is rapeseed in which the grain has a
low content of erucic acid and a total content of glucosinolates at
normal storage moisture content of 35 micromoles per gramme of seed or
less. A standard of 20 micromoles per gramme of seed is expected to be
introduced in the next few years. It is imperative to note that double
low rapeseed cultivars do not necessarily have low glucosinolate
content in the foliage.
VIII