The Archimedes 1 Experiment

Directorate-General For Research And Innovation European Commission Directorate-General For The Information Society And Media

Description

Environment policy and protection of the environment
Coal - hydrocarbons
Environmental research

Sujets

• Hydrocarbon
• North Sea
• Pruebas de software

Informations

• Publié par: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-RESEARCH-AND-INNOVATION-EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE
• Nombre de lectures: 10
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 14 Mo

Extrait

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EUR 10216 EN Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Information Market and Innovation
Bâtiment Jean Monnet
LUXEMBOURG
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person
acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might
be made of the following information.
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1985
ISBN 92-825-5699-9 Catalogue number CD-No-85-020-EN-C
© ECSC - EEC - EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1985
Printed in Italy PREFACE
This report describes the results obtained by the participants in the
Archimedes I experiment on remote sensing hydrocarbons at sea, which took
place in October 1983 in Dutch coastal waters. These results were discussed
in a series of meetings and workshops organized by the Joint Research
Centre. It was decided to carry out a correlation study of as many data as
possible obtained by different sensors through direct comparison of
overlapping scenes.
This experiment allowed participants to draw conclusions on the reliability
of remote sensing techniques and sensors under realistic conditions, to
examine short comings and to explain stray phenomena in view of an improved
experiment to be carried out in October 1985.
Ill ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Many institutions and research workers contributed to the Archimedes I
experiment and to the preparation of this report.
Some names appear in the text but the many other persons who collaborated
are far from being forgotten.
In order such an experiment be successful great care must be taken of the
logistical preparation. This includes meteorological data gathering and
communication, accurate flight plans, adequate aircraft and instrument
servicing etc.. This important part of the experiment was carried out
accurately by the Rijkswaterstaat of the Netherlands with their
Mr. R.C. Schriel acting as coordinator. But many Dutch civil and military
authorities were involved like the civil aviation authorities, the weather
office, the various radar teams etc., and all contributed to the success of
the experiment.
This report was edited by the JRC scientific staff responsible for the
global coordination of Archimedes I and the Publication Service of JRC-
Ispra, under the responsibility of M.P. De Hoe, lent its utmost cooperation
in the realization of the present report.
IV CONTENTS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND LOGISTICS 1
1 Introduction 3
2 Brief considerations on microwave sensors and laser induced
fluorescence 9
3 The logistics of the Archimedes I exercise
R.C. Schriel 19
ACTIVE MICROWAVES 43
4 Detecting oil at sea by means of a HH polarized side looking
airborne Radar
S. Madsen 51
5 Detection oil at sea by means of a VV polarized side looking
airborne Radar
F. Witte 65
PASSIVE MICROWAVES 8
6 Measuring oil at sea by means of airborne Microwave Radiometry
in the range 5-34 GHz
N. Skou3
7 Measuring oil at sea by means of an airborne 90 GHz Microwave
Radiometer
K. Grüner 105
OPTOELECTRONICS AND MODELS 121
8 Measuring oil at sea by means of an airborne Laser Fluorosensor
D. Diebel-Langohr, T. Hengstermann, R. Reuter, C. Cecchi,
L. Pantani3
9 Remote Sensing oil at sea by means of an airborne infrared
scanner
F. Castagnoli, L. Pantani, I. Pippi, B. Radicati 14
10 Application of mathematical forecasting models for oil during
Archimedes I 155
CORRELATION STUDY AND CONCLUSIONS 161
11 Correlation and synthesis of the results obtained by different
sensor types
A. Loffet 163
12 Conclusions 22