Tutorial Assignments F05 R.cwk

Ric Garcia

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• Publié par: Istou
• Nombre de lectures: 95
• Langue: English

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Thinkwell Biology Tutorial Assignments

Fall 2005

Exam I

Quiz #1

Lecture 1

1.1 Unity and Diversity of Life on Earth

1.1.1 Properties of Life (Disc 1, 11:47)

1.2 Early Perspectives in Science

1.2.1 An Introduction to Biology (Disc 1, 3:56)

Lecture 2

2.1 An Introduction to Atoms

2.1.1 Atomic Structure: SPONCH and the Atom (Disc 1, 8:34)

2.1.2 Electrons, Orbitals, and Electron Shells (Disc 1)

2.1.3 Ions, Ionization, and Isotopes (Disc 1, 10:25)

2.1.4 Isotopes: Unraveling Photosynthesis (Disc 1, 11:05)

2.2 Atoms and Bonding

2.2.1 Bonding and Electronegativity (Disc 1, 10:35)

2.2.2 Ionic and Covalent Bonds (Disc 1, 10:44)

2.2.3 Polar Covalent Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds, and Van der Waals Interactions (Disc 1, 11:33)

2.3 Properties of Water

2.3.1 Water: Hydrogen Bonding, Solubility, and Specific Heat (Disc 1, 11:11)

2.3.2 Water: Adhesion, Cohesion, and a Solid That Floats (Disc 1, 11:50)

2.3.3 Water: Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Substances (Disc 1, 13:40)

2.3.4 Dissociation of Water and the pH Scale (Disc 1, 12:41)

2.3.5 Hemoglobin as a Buffer (Disc 1, 8:54)

Quiz #2

Lecture 3

3.1 Carbon Chemistry

3.1.1 Carbon Chemistry and Isomers (Disc 1, 12:26)

3.1.2 Functional Side Groups (Disc 1, 11:11)

3.2 Carbohydrates

3.2.1 Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (Disc 1, 10:23)

3.2.2 Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis: Disaccharides (Disc 1, 9:38)

3.2.3 Polysaccharides: Energy Storage Molecules (Disc 1, 10:10)

3.2.4 Polysaccharides: Structural Molecules (Disc 1, 13:02)

3.3 Lipids and Nucleic Acids

3.3.1 Lipids: An Introduction (Disc 1, 8:29)

3.3.2 Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats (Disc 1, 9:28)

3.3.3 Phospholipids, Waxes, and Steroids (Disc 1, 10:13)

3.4 Proteins

3.4.1 Proteins: Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond (Disc 2, 9:34)

3.4.2 Amino Acids: The R Groups (Disc 2, 10:51)

3.4.3 Primary and Secondary Structure (Disc 2, 9:50)

Lecture 4

4.1 Proteins

4.1.1 Tertiary Structure (Disc 2, 9:40)

4.1.2 Quaternary Structure (Disc 2, 8:36)

4.1.3 Protein Structure: A Summary (Disc 2, 6:36)

4.2 Lipids and Nucleic Acids

4.2.1 Nucleic Acids: An Introduction to Genetic Material (Disc 1, 10:49)

Quiz #3

Lecture 5

5.1 An Introduction to Cell Biology

5.1.1 The History of Cytology (Disc 2, 11:23)

5.1.2 Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (Disc 2, 10:32)

5.1.3 Plant and Animal Cell Overview: The Basics (Disc 2, 9:03)

5.1.4 Membranes: Basic Structure (Disc 2, 10:24)

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5.1.5 The Nuclear Envelope: The Initial Tour (Disc 2, 9:17)

5.1.6 Nuclear Function: Who's in Charge? (Disc 2, 8:48)

5.2 Membrane-Bound Organelles

5.2.1 Cellular Function: Endoplasmic Reticulum (Disc 2, 12:15)

5.2.2 Cell Function: Golgi Apparatus (Disc 2, 10:03)

5.2.3 Food Vacuole Formation: The Role of the Lysosome (Disc 2, 11:37)

5.2.4 Still More Vacuoles and Peroxisomes (Disc 2, 10:32)

5.2.5 Mitochondria: Welcome Guests (Disc 2, 11:22)

5.2.6 The Origin of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (Disc 2, 12:21)

5.3 The Cytoskeleton

5.3.1 The Cytoskeleton: Basic Components (Disc 2, 12:27)

5.3.2 Centrioles, Flagella, and Cilia (Disc 2, 12:52)

5.3.3 Cell Walls (Disc 2, 10:45)

5.4 Tools for Cell Biology

5.4.1 Tools of the Cytologist: Light and Fluorescent Microscopy (Disc 2, 8:15)

5.4.2 Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopes (Disc 2, 8:48)

Lecture 6

6.1 Tools for Cell Biology

6.1.1 Freeze Fracture and Differential Centrifugation (Disc 2, 9:40)

6.2 The Plasma Membrane

6.2.1 Plasma Membrane: The Extracellular Matrix (Disc 2, 8:16)

6.2.2 The Plasma Membrane: The Fluid-Mosaic Model (Disc 2, 8:16)

6.2.3 Proteins as the Mosaic of the Cell Membrane (Disc 2, 12:18)

6.2.4 Animal Cell Junctions (Disc 2, 8:59)

6.3 Cell Transport

6.3.1 Simple and Facilitated Diffusion (Disc 2, 10:42)

6.3.2 Passive Transport: Osmosis (Disc 2, 11:44)

6.3.3 Active Transport: Ion Pumps and Cotransport (Disc 2, 9:49)

6.3.4 Active Transport: The Sodium-Potassium Pump (Disc 2, 10:14)

6.3.5 Energy-Requiring Transport: Endocytosis and Exocytosis (Disc 2, 9:19)

End of Material for Exam I

Exam II

Quiz #4

Lecture 7

7.1 Enzymes

7.1.1 Bioenergetics: The Laws of Thermodynamics (Disc 2, 13:30)

7.1.2 Activation Energy (Disc 2, 8:25)

7.1.3 Enzyme Characteristics (Disc 2, 8:19)

7.2 Enzyme Action

7.2.1 Enzyme Action: The Induced-Fit Model (Disc 2, 12:12)

7.2.2 Enzyme Regulation: Allosteric Regulation (Disc 2, 9:48)

7.2.3 Feedback Inhibition and Cooperativity (Disc 2, 9:20)

7.3 An Introduction to Respiration

7.3.1 ATP Structure and Function (Disc 2, 11:08)

7.3.2 Phosphorylated Intermediates (Disc 2, 9:49)

7.3.3 Respiration: An Overview (Disc 2, 13:09)

7.3.4 Redox: A Brief Review (Disc 2, 10:46)

7.3.5 Coenzymes: The Role of NAD+ (Disc 2, 11:50)

Lecture 8

8.1 The Evolution of Metabolic Functions

8.1.1 Major Modes of Nutrition Among Organisms (Disc 2, 12:01)

8.2 Discovering Photosynthesis

8.2.1 The Unraveling of Photosynthesis: A Historical Perspective (Disc 2, 9:24)

8.2.2 Photosynthesis: Twentieth-Century Breakthroughs (Disc 2, 7:47)

8.2.3 Photosynthesis: The Final Picture (Disc 3, 9:49)

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8.3 Adaptations for Photosynthesis

8.3.1 The Leaf: Adaptations for Photosynthesis (Disc 3, 8:43)

8.3.2 The Structure of a Chloroplast (Disc 3, 9:13)

8.3.3 Photosynthetic Pigments (Disc 3, 10:31)

8.3.4 The Nature of Light (Disc 3, 8:13)

8.3.5 Photoexcitation and Electron Transfer (Disc 3, 8:04)

8.4 The Light Reactions

8.4.1 The Light Reactions: An Introduction (Disc 3, 8:26)

8.4.2 Photosystem 1 (Disc 3, 9:47)

8.4.3 Photosystem 2 (Disc 3, 9:05)

8.4.4 The Light Reactions: A Summary (Disc 3, 9:53)

8.5 The Dark Reactions

8.5.1 The Calvin Cycle (Disc 3, 12:17)

8.5.2 The Calvin Cycle: RuBP Regeneration (Disc 3, 7:10)

8.5.3 A Review of Photosynthesis (Disc 3, 9:39)

8.6 Photorespiration

8.6.1 Photorespiration (Disc 3, 8:06)

8.6.2 C4 Plants and CAM Plants (Disc 3, 10:47)

8.6.3 The Evolution of Photosynthesis (Disc 3, 10:57)

Quiz #5

Lecture 9

9.1 An Introduction to Respiration

9.1.1 Energy Release from Sugar: A Demo (Disc 2, 2:29)

9.2 Glycolysis and Fermentation

9.2.1 Glycolysis: The Initial Steps: Energy Input (Disc 2, 13:50)

9.2.2 Glycolysis: The Energy Payoff (Disc 2, 12:11)

9.2.3 Anaerobic Respiration: The Fermentation of Pyruvate (Disc 2, 10:28)

9.3 Aerobic Respiration

9.3.1 Aerobic Respiration: The Acetyl CoA Step (Disc 2, 9:25)

9.3.2 Aerobic Respiration: The Krebs Cycle (Disc 2, 15:23)

9.3.3 Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle (Disc 2, 7:40)

Lecture 10

10.1 The Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

10.1.1 The Electron Transport Chain (Disc 2, 11:57)

10.1.2 Oxidative Phosphorylation (Disc 2, 9:50)

10.1.3 ATP Yield from Aerobic Respiration (Disc 2, 8:27)

10.1.4 Other Fuels in Respiration (Disc 2, 11:14)

10.1.5 The Evolution of Glycolysis (Disc 2, 13:24)

Quiz #6

Lecture 11

11.1 An Introduction to the Cell Cycle and Mitosis

11.1.1 The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle (Disc 3, 9:13)

11.1.2 Mitosis: An Overview (Disc 3, 10:27)

11.1.3 Mitosis: The Phases (Disc 3, 14:02)

11.1.4 Cytokinesis (Disc 3, 9:00)

11.2 Regulating Mitosis

11.2.1 Cell-Cycle Regulation: Protein Kinases (Disc 3, 10:39)

11.2.2 Cell-Cycle Regulation: Other Mechanisms (Disc 3, 9:08)

Lecture 12

12.1 Meiosis

12.1.1 Sexual Reproduction and the Role of Meiosis (Disc 4, 10:31)

12.1.2 Homologous Chromosomes: Thanks, Mom and Dad! (Disc 4, 7:48)

12.1.3 Meiosis: Prophase I (Disc 4, 9:58)

12.1.4 Disjunction and Meiosis II (Disc 4, 10:57)

12.1.5 Mitosis vs. Meiosis (Disc 4, 9:24)

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12.2 Understanding Meiosis

12.2.1 Independent Assortment (Disc 4, 10:21)

12.2.2 Spermatogenesis: Meiosis in Males (Disc 4, 9:40)

12.2.3 Oogenesis: Meiosis in Females (Disc 4, 10:34)

End of Material for Exam II

ExamIII

Quiz #7

Lecture 13

13.1 Gregor Mendel

13.1.1 Heredity: The Story of Gregor Mendel (Disc 4, 3:31)

13.1.2 Mendel's Findings: A First Look at Phenotypic Ratios (Disc 4, 10:21)

13.2 Laws of Probability

13.2.1 Laws of Probability: Rule of Multiplication (Disc 4, 10:44)

13.2.2 The Multiplicative Law: Some Extensions (Disc 4, 11:22)

13.2.3 Laws of Probability: The Additive Rule (Disc 4, 12:02)

13.3 Gregor Mendel

13.3.1 Mendel's Conclusions: Alternate Alleles and Dominance (Disc 4, 9:02)

13.3.2 Mendel's Conclusions: Segregation and Recombination (Disc 4, 7:49)

13.4 The Laws of Mendelian Inheritance

13.4.1 Determining Heterozygosity: Test Crosses and Back Crosses (Disc 4, 6:58)

13.4.2 Mendelian Inheritance (Disc 4, 9:00)

13.5 Segregation and Independent Assortment

13.5.1 Segregation and Independent Assortment (Disc 4, 10:35)

13.5.2 Independent Assortment: An Explanation (Disc 4, 10:47)

13.6 Laws of Probability

13.6.1 Using the Laws of Probability in Dihybrid Crosses (Disc 4, 12:36)

Lecture 14

14.1 Genetic Dominance

14.1.1 What Is a Dominant Gene? Intermediate Inheritance (Disc 4, 10:04)

14.1.2 Codominance and Multiple Alleles: ABO Blood Genes (Disc 4, 11:29)

14.1.3 ABO Blood Groups: Inheritance Patterns and Pedigree Charts (Disc 4, 9:04)

14.2 Epistasis

14.2.1 Epistasis: One Gene Affecting Another (Disc 4, 11:33)

14.2.2 The Bombay Phenotype: Infidelity or Epistasis? (Disc 4, 9:47)

14.3 Inheritance Patterns

14.3.1 Polygenic Inheritance (Disc 4, 9:55)

14.3.2 Pleiotropy: Multiple Phenotypic Effects (Disc 4, 12:56)

14.3.3 Sickle Cell Anemia: The Case against Dominant and Recessive (Disc 4, 9:35)

Quiz #8

Lecture 15

15.1 Linked Genes and Genetic Mapping

15.1.1 Linked Genes (Disc 4, 9:27)

15.1.2 Crossing Over and Recombination: A Tool for Mapping Genes (Disc 4, 11:05)

15.1.3 Gene Mapping Using Recombination Frequencies (Disc 4, 11:18)

15.1.4 Linking Genes to Chromosomes: The Work of Morgan (Disc 4, 9:54)

15.1.5 Morgan's Conclusions (Disc 4, 9:08)

Lecture 16

16.1 Sex Linkage and Pedigree Charts

16.1.1 Sex-Linked Traits in Humans (Disc 4, 9:40)

16.1.2 X Inactivation in Humans (Disc 4, 12:06)

16.1.3 The Use of Pedigree Charts to Determine Possible Genotypes (Disc 4, 9:54)

16.1.4 Pedigree Chart: Problem Review (Disc 4, 7:50)

16.2 Problems in Heredity

16.2.1 Problems in Heredity (Disc 4, 13:19)

16.2.2 Problems in Heredity: Chromosomal Aberrations (Disc 4, 9:25)

16.2.3 Translocations: 14/21 Downs (Disc 4, 8:19)

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Quiz #9

Lecture 17

17.1 Discovering DNA

17.1.1 Molecular Genetics: The Protein vs. DNA Debate (Disc 3, 9:23)

17.1.2 Continuing to Link Genes to Chemicals: Muller, Beadle, and Tatum (Disc 3, 9:29)

17.1.3 Griffith and Transformation (Disc 3, 10:26)

17.1.4 Avery, MacLeod and McCarty/Hershey and Chase: DNA Wins! (Disc 3, 11:04)

17.1.5 Chargaff and Franklin and Wilkins: The DNA Story Begins (Disc 3, 10:40)

17.2 DNA Structure Revealed

17.2.1 Watson and Crick: The Clues (Disc 3, 8:50)

17.2.2 Watson and Crick: The Double Helix (Disc 3, 13:23)

17.3 Introduction to DNA Replication

17.3.1 Replication: Meselson and Stahl (Disc 3, 14:54)

17.3.2 DNA: Polymerization with Triphosphate Nucleotides (Disc 3, 11:44)

17.4 Events of DNA Replication

17.4.1 Events at the Replication Fork: The Leading Strand (Disc 3, 12:33)

17.4.2 Events at the Leading Strand, Part 2 (Disc 3, 10:31)

17.4.3 Events at the Replication Fork: The Lagging Strand (Disc 3, 8:53)

17.4.4 Proofreading, End Replication, and Telomeres (Disc 3, 12:40)

17.4.5 DNA Replication: A Summary (Disc 3, 11:15)

Lecture 18

18.1 Transcription

18.1.1 Transcription and Translation: An Overview (Disc 3, 10:32)

18.1.2 Transcription: RNA Formation from the DNA Template (Disc 3, 11:15)

18.1.3 Transcription: Termination and RNA Protection (Disc 4, 9:55)

18.1.4 Posttranscriptional Modification/RNA Splicing (Disc 3, 9:56)

18.2 Translation

18.2.1 Translation: Ribosomal and Transfer RNA (Disc 3, 10:49)

18.2.2 The Role of Transfer RNA: Charging a tRNA Molecule (Disc 3, 9:25)

18.2.3 Translation: Initiation Events (Disc 3, 11:14)

18.2.4 Translation/Elongation: The Initiation of Elongation (Disc 3, 11:24)

18.2.5 Elongation Continued and Termination (Disc 3, 10:17)

18.3 Protein Synthesis Review

18.3.1 Polypeptide Destinations: Signal Peptides and ER Ribosomes (Disc 3, 7:10)

18.3.2 Protein Synthesis: An Overview (Disc 3, 7:14)

18.4 Genetic Mutation

18.4.1 Genetic Mutation (Disc 4, 9:56)

18.4.2 Genetic Mutation: Different Forms of Point Mutations (Disc 4, 11:36)

18.4.3 Genetic Mutation: Insertion and Deletion (Disc 4, 4:37)

18.4.4 Genetic Screening (Disc 4, 11:12)

Lecture 19

19.1 The lac Operon

19.1.2 Jacob and Monod's Model: The lac Operon (Disc 3, 11:13)

19.1.3 lac Operon: The Summary (Disc 3, 6:45)

19.2 Eukaryotic Genomic Organization

19.2.1 The Eukaryotic Genome: DNA Packing (Disc 3, 14:02)

19.2.2 Eukaryotic Genomic Organization: Repetitive DNA (Disc 3, 9:02)

19.2.3 Eukaryotic Genomic Organization: Gene Families (Disc 3, 11:57)

19.2.4 Eukaryotic Genomic Organization: Transposons and Amplified Genes (Disc 3, 12:53)

19.3 Controlling Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes

19.3.1 Eukaryotic Gene Control: Transcriptional Controls (Disc 3, 16:55)

19.3.2 Eukaryotic Control Mechanisms: Posttranscriptional and Posttranslational Controls (Disc 3, 9:31)

19.3.3 Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Protein-Making Machinery (Disc 3, 10:49)

19.4 Regulating Mitosis

19.4.1 Cancer: When Mitosis Goes Unchecked (Disc 3, 11:24)

19.4.2 The ras Gene and the p53 Gene (Disc 3, 12:19)

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19.5 Plasmids and Gene Cloning

19.5.1 Biotechnology: Plasmids in Prokaryotes (Disc 4, 9:08)

19.5.2 Using a Restriction Enzyme to Create a Vector (Disc 4, 9:25)

19.5.3 Biotechnology: Gene Cloning (Disc 4, 10:41)

19.5.4 Biotechnology: Detection of Cell Clones (Disc 4, 8:59)

19.6 Techniques in Biotechnology

19.6.1 Biotechnology: Reverse Transcriptase: A Tool Taken from Viruses (Disc 4, 8:12)

19.6.2 Using Reverse Transcriptase to Make cDNA (Disc 3, 9:54)

19.6.3 Electrophoresis: Separating DNA (Disc 4)

19.6.4 Sequencing DNA: The Sanger Method (Disc 4, 12:25)

19.7 More Techniques in Biotechnology

19.7.1 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms: Genetic Markers (Disc 4, 11:15)

19.7.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction: DNA Amplification (Disc 4, 10:19)

19.7.3 DNA Fingerprinting (Disc 4)

19.7.4 Southern Blotting (Disc 4, 8:39)

19.7.5 Detecting DNA Homology: A Biotechnology Summary (Disc 4, 11:52)

19.8 Human Genome Project

19.8.1 The Human Gene Pool (Disc 3, 12:07)

19.8.2 The Human Genome Project: Recent Findings (Disc 4, 15:23)

End of Material for Exam III

Final Exam

Quiz #10

Lecture 20

20.1 Early Perspectives in Science

20.1.1 The Nature of Science: The Story of Darwin (Disc 1, 11:35)

20.1.2 Early Scientific Thought (Disc 1, 10:31)

20.1.3 The Emerging Science of Geology (Disc 1, 9:16)

20.2 An Introduction to Evolution

20.2.1 Linnaeus, Buffon, and Lamarck (Disc 1, 11:49)

20.2.2 Darwin: The Voyage Continues (Disc 1, 9:45)

20.2.3 Darwin: More Observations (Disc 1, 9:35)

20.3 Evolution: The Theory of Natural Selection

20.3.1 Darwin: The Theory of Natural Selection (Disc 1, 10:12)

20.3.2 The Theory of Natural Selection (Disc 1, 8:32)

20.3.3 Contrasting Lamarck and Darwin (Disc 1, 7:46)

20.3.4 Contrasting Lamarck and Darwin, Part 2 (Disc 1, 8:40)

20.4 Examples of Artificial and Natural Selection

20.4.1 Artificial Selection in Action (Disc 1, 10:16)

20.4.2 Natural Selection in Action (Disc 1, 7:13)

20.5 The Hardy-Weinberg Theory

20.5.1 Population Genetics: Darwin Meets Mendel (Disc 4, 9:24)

20.5.2 An Introduction to Hardy-Weinberg Theory (Disc 4, 9:31)

20.5.3 The Hardy-Weinberg Equation (Disc 5, 8:19)

20.5.4 Using the Hardy-Weinberg Theory (Disc 5, 7:03)

20.5.5 Using the Hardy-Weinberg Theory II (Disc 5, 8:08)

20.5.6 Hardy-Weinberg: What Does This Have to Do with Evolution? (Disc 5, 10:06)

20.6 Departing From Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

20.6.1 Microevolution by Genetic Drift (Disc 5, 10:28)

20.6.2 Microevolution: Continued (Disc 5, 10:04)

20.7 Variations in Populations and Modes of Selection

20.7.1 Variations within and between Populations (Disc 5, 10:06)

20.7.2 Modes of Selection (Disc 5, 11:45)

20.7.3 The Perfect Organism (Disc 5, 7:14)

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Lecture 21

21.1 Evidence for Evolution

21.1.1 Evidence for Evolution: Biochemical Similarities (Disc 1, 10:21)

21.1.2 Evidence for Evolution: Vestigial Structures (Disc 1, 10:03)

21.1.3 Homologous Structures (Disc 1, 7:29)

21.2 Species Concepts

21.2.1 Species Concepts (Disc 1, 10:03)

21.2.2 Speciation (Disc 1, 9:25)

21.2.3 Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation (Disc 1, 11:38)

21.2.4 Postzygotic Reproductive Isolation (Disc 1, 8:14)

21.3 Speciation

21.3.1 Speciation: What Is a Species? (Disc 5, 11:43)

21.3.2 Allopatric Speciation (Disc 5, 10:46)

21.3.3 Sympatric Speciation (Disc 5, 10:55)

21.4 Evolution

21.4.1 Time Frame for Evolution: Gradualism versus Punctuated Equilibrium (Disc 5, 8:47)

21.5 Fossils and Evolution

21.5.1 Fossil Formation, Dating, and Indexing (Disc 1, 10:50)

21.5.2 The Fossil Record (Disc 1, 12:17)

21.5.3 Some Fossil Surprises (Disc 1, 9:01)

21.5.4 The Coevolution of Horses and Plants (Disc 1, 8:27)

21.5.5 Mass Extinctions: An Asteroid Can Ruin Your Day (Disc 1, 14:21)

21.6 Classifying Life

21.6.1 The Linnaean System (Disc 1, 11:21)

21.6.2 The Linnaean System: Still Changing (Disc 1, 7:37)

21.7 Classifying Earth's Organisms

21.7.1 Classifying the Products of Evolution: Taxonomy (Disc 5, 10:12)

21.7.2 Building a Cladogram (Disc 5, 12:29)

21.7.3 Molecular Methods for Classifying Organisms (Disc 4, 15:08)

21.7.4 A Phylogenetic Tree of Organisms: A Three-Domain System (Disc 5, 12:26)

Quiz #11

Lecture 22

22.1 The Origin of Life

22.1.1 History of Life: The Heterotroph Hypothesis: An Overview (Disc 1, 8:09)

22.1.2 The Heterotroph Hypothesis: An Introduction (Disc 1, 7:56)

22.1.3 The Origin of Life: Life from Nonlife (Disc 1, 9:26)

22.1.4 The Heterotroph Hypothesis: Protobionts (Disc 1, 8:43)

22.1.5 The Heterotroph Hypothesis: The First Genetic Material (Disc 1, 11:53)

22.1.6 The Origin of Life: The Rest of the Story (Disc 1, 7:54)

22.2 Evolution of the Animal Kingdom

22.2.1 Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree of Animals: Animal Development (Disc 5, 10:38)

22.2.2 Developmental Data for the Phylogenetic Tree of Animals (Disc 5, 7:14)

22.2.3 The Formation of Body Cavities (Disc 5)

22.2.4 Protostomes and Deuterostomes (Disc 5, 12:23)

Lecture 23

23.1 Evolution of the Animal Kingdom

23.1.1 Animal Diversity: The Cambrian Explosion and the Move to Land (Disc 5, 12:08)

23.2 Invertebrates

23.2.1 Introduction to Animals: Parazoa and Radiata (Disc 5, 14:13)

23.2.2 Animals: Acoelomates, Pseudocoelomates, and Coelomates (Disc 5, 13:08)

23.2.3 Diversity of Protostome Species (Disc 5, 14:05)

Quiz #12

Lecture 24

24.1 Deuterostomes

24.1.1 Diversity of Deuterostome Species (Disc 5, 14:41)

24.1.2 Diversity of Vertebrate Species (Disc 5, 15:28)

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Lecture 25

25.1 Human Evolution

25.1.1 Human Evolution: What Is a Primate? (Disc 1, 12:38)

25.1.2 Human Evolution: The Family Tree (Disc 1, 8:03)

25.1.3 Human Evolution: The Fossil Record (Disc 1, 14:02)

End of Material for Final Exam

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