Recommendations for performance and durability tests of solar collectors and water heating systems

European Union

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Energy research
Renewable sources of energy

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• Sciences et techniques

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• Publié par: EUROPEAN-UNION
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 49 Mo

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Non Nuclear Energies
European Solar Collector
and Systems Testing Group
Recommendations
for Performance and Durability Tests
of Solar Collectors
and Water Heating Systems
Commission of the European Communities
Directorate-General for Science Research and Development
Joint Research Centre, Ispra Site
EUR 11606 EN May 1989 European Solar Collector
and Systems Testing Group
Recommendations
for Performance and Durability Tests
of Solar Collectors
and Water Heating Systems
Edited by
E. Aranovitch, D. Gilliaert
Joint Research Centre, Ispra
W.B. Gillett, J.E. Bates
Sir William Halcrow & Partners, UK
Commission of the European Communities
Directorate-General for Science Research and Development
Joint Research Centre, Ispra Site
EUR 11606 EN May 1989 Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunication, Information Industries and Innovation
Bâtiment Jean Monnet
LUXEMBOURG
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person
acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might
be made of the following information.
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1989
© ECSC - EEC - EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg 1989
Printed in Italy PREFACE
The penetration of new forms of energy in our highly
regulated and industrialized society requires efforts in many
different directions from basic to applied research, from
pilot plants to demonstration projects.
Not least, an essential prerequisite is the preparation of
adequate norms and standards especially in view of the
great 1992 Market. This is particularly true for solar energy
which is only available in a very diffuse form. Its use on
a significant scale will require the participation of designers,
manufacturers, mounters, architects, urbanists, not to forget
users, who must be assured that the solar systems which
they have chosen have been properly qualified and cer­
tified.
This book, prepared within the 1983-1987 Joint Research
Centre Programme, provides a series of recommendations
in the field of reference methods for the performance
evaluation and qualification testing of solar active systems,
with a special emphasis on solar domestic hot water
systems which can already be considered cost-effective
in many parts of Europe. In a line of continuity, it follows
the publication by Directorate General XII of an earlier
book "Solar Collectors: Test Methods and Design
Guidelines".
In a concerted action with JRC, 22 national laboratories
and institutes from the European Community contributed
actively, through extensive experimental and theoretical
work, to the preparation of these recommendations. This
type of action, where we were able to pool together, for
a well defined task on a fixed time limit, practically all the
existing expertise and resources in the field, offers a good
illustration of European collaboration in pre-normative ac­
tivities where creating consensus is essential. It is signifi­
cant that part of these recommendations are already being
discussed in ad hoc committees of international standar­
dization bodies.
For specialists, it may be worthwhile to know that this con­
certed action has also produced the proceedings of 7
plenary meetings of the working group and the results of
35 research contracts. From these documents a con­
siderable amount of additional technical and scientific in­
formation is also available.
E. Aranovitch
"Non Nuclear Energies" Programme
Joint Research Centre Acknowledgements
This book has been produced on the basis of work car­
ried out by many European experts who have participated
in the 4 year programme 1984-1987 of the European
Solar Collector and System Testing Group.
W.B. Gillett and J.E. Bates of Sir William Halcrow & Part­
ners, UK were the Co-ordinators of the work and the
Editors of documentation produced.
D. Gilliaert of the CEC Joint Research Centre, Ispra was
the Task Leader for the work on performance testing of
collectors and water heating systems.
M. Antinucci of Conphoebus, Italy was the Task Leader
for the work on solar collector durability.
The leading experts from the participating EC laboratories
were:
C. Boussemaere Polytechnique de Mons, Belgium
S. Svendsen Thermal Insulation Laboratory, Denmark
T. Vest Hansen Danish Solar Energy Testing Laboratory,
Denmark
J.E :. Nielsen Danish Solar Energy Testing,
Denmark
M . Gschwind Ecole de Mines, Sophia Antipolis, France
Robert Ecole de,a,e J.
R. CETIAT, France Dietz
L. Bourdeau CSTB, France ,e A. Filiaux
CSTB, France J.l .. Chevalier
J. Adnot Ecole de Mines, Paris, France
B. Ecole de,,e Bourges
M . Kohl University of Stuttgart y oft K. Gindele
University of Stuttgart M . Ernst
BLL, Munich, W Germany M . Reuss
BLL,, Wy T. Schmalschlaei
University of Munich, W Germany W '. Scholkopf y of, Wy H. Soltau
IST Energietechnik, W Germany U. Luboschik
IST, Wy '. Haaf v\
University of Patras, Greece
Panteliou s. y of,e T. Chondros
Cicero Hellas, Greece T. Pafelias
Demokritos Research Centre, Greece
P. Andronikos sh,e A. Spyridonos
Conphoebus, Italy
M . Antinucci
TPD-TNO, Netherlands
E. Keizer-Boogh
EES, Netherlands
den Ouden C.
M. Collares Pereira LNETI, Portugal
E. Mezquida INTA, Spain
A. Gonzalez,n
R. Marshall University College Cardiff, UK
T. Steemers CEC - DG XII
Liaison with the work of the International Energy Agency
programme on Solar Heating and Cooling was provided
by the IEA Task III Operating Agent, B.A. Rogers of Univer­
sity College Cardiff, UK.
During its 4 year programme, the CSTG was able to build
on previous work carried out by the CEC Collector Testing
Group which was financed by the CEC Directorate
General XII for Science, Research and Development under
the direction of W. Palz and T. Steemers.
All of the work of the CEC Solar Collector and System
Testing Group was carried out under the Direction of
E. Aranovitch of the Joint Research Centre, Ispra.
IV CONTENTS
Preface Ill
Acknowledgements IV
The CEC Collector and System Testing Group VII
Executive Summary and General ConclusionsX
Units and Symbols XI
Glossary XII
Section I Performance Tests for Solar Collectors and Water Heating Systems 1
Part A Test Methods for Solar Water Heating Systems
Chapter A1 Introduction 3
A2 Performance of Solar Water Heating Systems 4
A3 Test Facility Requirements 5
A4 Instrumentation 9
A5 Short Term System Test Method 16
A6 Long Term Performance Prediction Methods using the Results of the Short Term System Test 24
A7 Short Term Component Testing and Verified System Simulation for the Prediction of Long Term
System Performance 29
A8 Conclusions 33
References for Solar Water Heating System Testing 34
Appendix Al Format Sheets for the Presentation of Short Term System Test Results7
Allts for the Monthly Correlation Long Term Performance Prediction 55
AHI Format Sheets for then of the Long Termen
AIV Use of the Draw-Off Temperature Profile and Mixing Temperature Profile in the Day by Day
Calculations Procedure 6
AV User-friendly Version of Long Term Performance Prediction Calculations for Use on PC's
(MS DOS)
AVI System Simulation Model 7
AVII Density of Water 85
Part Β Test Methods for Unglazed Solar Collectors
Chapter B1 Introduction9
B2 Performance of Unglazed Collectors 90
B3 Test Facility Requirements3
B4t Procedure4
B5 Computation and Presentation of Results
B6 Conclusions6
References for Unglazed Collector Testing
Part C Test Methods for Solar Air Collectors
Chapter C1 Introduction7
C2 Test Facility Requirements and Instrumentation
C3t Procedure 102
C4 Computation and Presentation of Results
C5 Conclusions and Typical Test Results5
References for Air Collector TestingAppendix CI Format Sheets for the Presentation of Test Results 107
CII Calculation of the Effect of Air Leakage on Solar Air Heating System Performance 123
Olli Qualification Test to Assess Aire 12
CIV Use of Reference Heat Source for overall Calibration Check of Calorimetrie Measurements 131
CV Properties of Air 135
Section II Solar Collector Durability9
Part D Qualification Tests for Solar Collectors
Chapter D1 Introduction to Qualification Tests 141
D2 Guidelines for Performing Qualification Tests
D3 Internal Pressure Tests for Absorbers4
D4 High Temperature Stagnation Test7
D5 Short Term Ageing Test
D6 External Thermal Shock Test 152
D7 Internallk Test
D8 Rain Penetration Test
D9 Mechanical Tests on Collector Structure and Supporting Frame 15
D10 Impact Resistance Test 16
D11 Freezing Test5
D12 Qualification Tests under Development
D13 Conclusions 170
References for Qualification Tests for Solar Collectors 17
Appendix DI Recommended Solar Collector Qualification Test Proce