The stress corrosion cracking behaviour of stainless steel at temperatures below 50?C

Directorate-General For Research And Innovation European Commission

Description

Industrial research and development

Sujets

• Sciences et techniques

Informations

• Publié par: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-RESEARCH-AND-INNOVATION-EUROPEAN-COMMISSION
• Nombre de lectures: 27
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

ISSN 1018-5593
EURO PEAN
COMMISSION
SCIENCE
RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT
technical steel research
Properties and in-service performance
The stress corrosion
cracking behaviour
of stainless steel
at temperatures
below 50 °C
Report hi
EUR 18001 EN
STEEL RESEARCH EUROPEAN COMMISSION ÆEE*,
Edith CRESSON, Member of the Commission
responsible for research, innovation, education, training and youth Γ>-ο
DG XII/C.2 — RTD actions: Industrial and materials technologies —
Materials and steel
Contact: MrJ.-L Martin
Address: European Commission, rue de la Loi 200 (MO 75 1/10),
B-1049 Brussels — Tel. [phone]; fax [phone] European Commission
Properties and in-service performance
The stress corrosion cracking
behaviour of stainless steel at
temperatures below 50 °C
J. W. Fielder, B. A. Hobson, M. L. Pickett
British Steel pic
9 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7SN
United Kingdom
Contract No 7210-KB/811
1 December 1987 to 30 November 1990
Final report
Directorate-General
Science, Research and Development
1998 EUR 18001 EN LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission
is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.
A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int).
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998
ISBN 92-828-3500-6
© European Communities, 1998
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Panted in Luxembourg
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER CONTENTS PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 9
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 11
2.1 Test Methods n
2.2 Test Materials2
2.3 Structure of the Research Programme3
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 14
3.1 High Temperature SCC
3.2 Lowe SCC5
4. DISCUSSION8
4.1 High Temperature Programme
4.2 Lowee 19
4.3 Corrosion Engineering Diagrams 20
4.4 Electrochemical Repassivation Programme2
4.5 Mechanisms for Low Temperature SCC4
4.6 Low Temperature SCC in Swimming Pools
4.7 Other Implications of Low Temperature SCC 29
4.8 Remedial Measures in Lowe SCC Environments 2
5. CONCLUSIONS 30
REFERENCES2
TABLES5
FIGURES 51 LIST OF TABLES
1. Chemical Composition of Stainless Steels - Constant Load Tests
2.ln of Stainless Steels - Preliminary U-bend Tests
3. Chemical Composition of Stainless Steels - Solution Matrix Programme
4.ln of Wire - High Oxidation Potential Trial
5. Tensile Properties of Constant Load Test Material
6. Constant Load Test Results - Sodium Chloride Solutions
7.t Load Test Results - MgCl2 Solutions - 304L:120-154°C
8. Constant Load Test Results - MgCl2 Solutions - 316L:154°C
9.t Load Test Results - MgCl2 Solutions -316L:120-140°C
10. Constant Load Test Results - MgCl2 Solutions - 316L:80-100°C
11. U-bend Test Results - Low pH, High Chloride Solutions
12.d Test Results - High Chloride Solutions at pH = 0.125
13. U-bend Test Results - Sodium Chloride Solution Vapour Phase
14. Composition of Solutions Used for Solution Matrix Programmes
15. U-bend Corrosion Morphology - Solution Matrix - 304L:20°C
16.d Corrosiony - Solution Matrix - 316L:20°C
17. Constant Load Results - Low pH, Solutions - 304L
18.t Load Results - Low pH, Solutions - 316L
19. Constant Load Results - Low pH, Solutions - HyResist 22/5
20.t Load Results - Low pH, Solutions - HyResist 94L
21. Composition of High Oxidation Potential Solutions (With Continuous
Air purge)
22. Corrosion Morphology of U-bend and Twisted Wire Samples Tested in High Oxidation
Potential Solutions LIST OF FIGURES
1. Effect of Nickel on the SCC Resistance of Stainless Steels
2. Stress-Time to Failure Relationship for SCC of 304L
3. Swimming Pool Lightweight Suspended Ceiling Construction
4. Constant Load Sress Corrosion Cracking Machines
5.t Load SCC Specimen - Designation XI
6. Effect of Applied Stress on the SCC Behaviour of Type 316L Constant Load Test : 45% MgCl2
Solution, 154°C
7. Constant Load SCC Data for Type 316L Material (45% MgCl2 Solution, 120-154°C)
8. Effect of Applied Stress on the SCC Behaviour of Type 316L Constant Load Test : 45% MgCl2
Solution, 120°C
9.t of Temperature on the SCC Behaviour of Type 316L Constant Load Test : 45% MgCl2
Solution, 0.3 X %PS
10. SC Cracks in 304L U-bends - HCl/NaCl Solutions at 20°C
11.C Cracks in 304L U-bends - HCl/NaCl Vapour Phase at 20°C
12. Pitting in 304L U-bends - HCl/NaCl Vapour Phase at 30°C
13. Corrosion Morphology on 304L U-bends, pH = 0.125, 20°C
14.ny on 316L U-bends, pH = 0.125, 20°C
15. Corrosion Morphology on 304L Constant Load Specimens, 25°C
16.ny on 304L Constant Load, 50°C
17. Corrosion Morphology on 316L Constant Load Specimens, 25°C
18.ny on 316L Constant Load, 50°C
19. Corrosion Morphology on HyResist 94L Constant Load Specimens
20.ny on 22/5 Constant Load Specimens, 25°C
21. Corrosion Morphology on 22/5 Constant Load, 50°C
22.n Engineering Diagram for 304L at 25°C
23. Corrosiong Diagram for 316L at 25°C
24.n Engineering Diagram for HyResist 22/5 at 25°C
25. Corrosiong Diagram for HyResist 94L at 25°C
26.n Engineering Diagram for 304L at 50°C 27. Corrosion Engineering Diagram for 316L at 50°C
28.ng Diagram for HyResist 22/5 at 50°C
29. Corrosion Engineering Diagram for HyResist 94L at 50°C
30. Effect of Temperature and pH on Corrosion Morphology
31. Anodic Polarisation Curves for 304L at 25°C
32.cn Curves for 316L at 25°C
33. Anodic Polarisation Curves for HyResist 22/5 at 25°C
34.cn Curves for HyResist 94L at 25°C
35. Anodic Polarisation Curves for 304L at 50°C
36.cn Curves for 316L at 50°C
37. Anodic Polarisation Curves for HyResist 22/5 at 50°C
38.cn Curves for HyResist 94L at 50°C
39. Anodic Polarisation - Corrosion Morphology Relationship: 304L at 25°C
40.cn - Corrosiony: 316L at 25°C
41. Anodic Polarisation - Corrosion Morphology Relationship: HyResist 22/5 at 25°C
42.cn - Corrosiony: HyResist 94L at 25°C
43. Anodic Polarisation - Corrosion Morphology Relationship: 304L at 50°C
44.cn - Corrosiony: 316L at 50°C
45. Anodic Polarisation - Corrosion Morphology Relationship: HyResist 22/5 at 50°C
46.cn - Corrosiony: HyResist 94L at 50°C
47. SCC Initiation in 304L and 316L Twisted Wires Exposed to Chloride Solutions with High
Oxidation Potential
48. Localised Corrosion Morphologies at Low Temperatures, Low pH
49. Active - Passive Potentials at which SCC is Observed
50. Different Pit Propagation Morphologies