Heritability of some personality source traits : évidence from MAVA design, Maximum Likelihood Analysis, and the OA Battery - article ; n°2 ; vol.81, pg 429-451

S. Vaughan

Description

L'année psychologique - Année 1981 - Volume 81 - Numéro 2 - Pages 429-451
Summary
1 221 12-18 years old boys, in pairs, from four family constellations (identical and fraternal twins, brothers and unrelated boys raised logether) plus a fifty covering the general population constellation (1 543 cases) were measured on four personality source traits (UI 21, 25, 32 and 33) by objective (performance) batteries from the 0-A Kit.
Nine équations linked the seven unknown abstract variances (within family genetic, between family threptic, etc.) with the nine observed variances in the standard MA VA model.
The maximum likelihood method was used to solve for the unknown contributing variances, and to test the goodness of fit of the data to three simplifications of MA VA more parsimonious as to parameters. In the case of UI 21, 32 and 33 a more parsimonious model fitted.
The results are compared with the one earlier study and with two different modes of analysis of the present data. There are noticeable dis-crepancies in one or two instances, but it its concluded that an overall view of this and other evidence indicates that heritabilities of all of these traits are very low to moderate. The order of increasing heritability—0 to .37 for Hp—is UI 33, UI 32, UI 21 and UI 25. However, UI 25, Reality-contact-vs-Tensidia, has a between family heritability possibly reaching .62, consistent with its significant association with psychosis. The low heritability of exvia-invia suggests a social inhibition rather than a temperamental origin of the second order factor as such. On the law of coercion to the biosocial mean the evidence of between family negative correlations rbgbtls supportive, though in these traits the within family r's are unusually positive and substantial.
Résumé
A l'aide de batteries extraites du 0-A Kit, on a mesuré quatre traits (UI 21, 25, 32, 33) de source de personnalité chez 1 221 paires de garçons âgés de 12 à 18 ans appartenant à 4 constellations familiales (jumeaux homozygotes et hétérozygotes, frères, garçons élevés ensemble) et chez 1 543 cas représentatifs de la constellation de la population générale.
Neuf équations relient les sept variances théoriques inconnues aux neuf variances observées dans l'analyse de variance standard multivariée (MAVA model).
La méthode du maximum de vraisemblance a été utilisée pour estimer les variances et tester l'ajustement des données à trois modèles d'analyse de variance plus économiques en paramètres. En ce qui concerne les traits UI 21, 32 et 33, on a trouvé un bon ajustement pour un modèle plus économique.
Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de deux méthodes et les résultats ont été comparés à ceux obtenus dans une étude antérieure. On observe des différences notables dans un ou deux cas, mais la conclusion générale est que le degré d'héritabiliié des traits étudiés est faible ou modéré.
23 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.

Informations

• Publié par: L-annee-psychologique
• Publié le: 01 janvier 1981
• Nombre de lectures: 15
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

R. B. Cattell
D. C. Rao
L. R. Schmidt
D.S Vaughan
Heritability of some personality source traits : évidence from
MAVA design, Maximum Likelihood Analysis, and the OA
Battery
In: L'année psychologique. 1981 vol. 81, n°2. pp. 429-451.
Citer ce document / Cite this document :
B. Cattell R., Rao D. C., R. Schmidt L., Vaughan D.S. Heritability of some personality source traits : évidence from MAVA
design, Maximum Likelihood Analysis, and the OA Battery. In: L'année psychologique. 1981 vol. 81, n°2. pp. 429-451.
doi : 10.3406/psy.1981.28384
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/psy_0003-5033_1981_num_81_2_28384Abstract
Summary
1 221 12-18 years old boys, in pairs, from four family constellations (identical and fraternal twins,
brothers and unrelated boys raised logether) plus a fifty covering the general population constellation (1
543 cases) were measured on four personality source traits (UI 21, 25, 32 and 33) by objective
(performance) batteries from the 0-A Kit.
Nine équations linked the seven unknown abstract variances (within family genetic, between family
threptic, etc.) with the nine observed variances in the standard MA VA model.
The maximum likelihood method was used to solve for the unknown contributing variances, and to test
the goodness of fit of the data to three simplifications of MA VA more parsimonious as to parameters. In
the case of UI 21, 32 and 33 a more parsimonious model fitted.
The results are compared with the one earlier study and with two different modes of analysis of the
present data. There are noticeable dis-crepancies in one or two instances, but it its concluded that an
overall view of this and other evidence indicates that heritabilities of all of these traits are very low to
moderate. The order of increasing heritability—0 to .37 for Hp—is UI 33, UI 32, UI 21 and UI 25.
However, UI 25, Reality-contact-vs-Tensidia, has a between family heritability possibly reaching .62,
consistent with its significant association with psychosis. The low of exvia-invia suggests a
social inhibition rather than a temperamental origin of the second order factor as such. On the law of
coercion to the biosocial mean the evidence of between family negative correlations rbgbtls supportive,
though in these traits the within family r's are unusually positive and substantial.
Résumé
A l'aide de batteries extraites du 0-A Kit, on a mesuré quatre traits (UI 21, 25, 32, 33) de source de
personnalité chez 1 221 paires de garçons âgés de 12 à 18 ans appartenant à 4 constellations
familiales (jumeaux homozygotes et hétérozygotes, frères, garçons élevés ensemble) et chez 1 543 cas
représentatifs de la constellation de la population générale.
Neuf équations relient les sept variances théoriques inconnues aux neuf variances observées dans
l'analyse de variance standard multivariée (MAVA model).
La méthode du maximum de vraisemblance a été utilisée pour estimer les variances et tester
l'ajustement des données à trois modèles d'analyse de variance plus économiques en paramètres. En
ce qui concerne les traits UI 21, 32 et 33, on a trouvé un bon ajustement pour un modèle plus
économique.
Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de deux méthodes et les résultats ont été comparés à ceux
obtenus dans une étude antérieure. On observe des différences notables dans un ou deux cas, mais la
conclusion générale est que le degré d'héritabiliié des traits étudiés est faible ou modéré.L'Année Psychologique, 1981, 81, 429-452
HE RIT ABILITY
OF SOME PERSONALITY SOURCE TRAITS :
EVIDENCE FROM MAVA DESIGN,
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS,
AND THE OA BATTERY
by R. B. Cattell1, D. C. Rao2,
L. R. Schmidt3 and D. S. Vaughan*
;*■/ INSTITUT
BIRUCTKEQï
iERora
RÉSUMÉ
A Vaide de batteries extraites du 0-A Kit, on a mesuré quatre traits
(UI 21, 25, 32, 33) de source de personnalité chez 1 221 paires de garçons
âgés de 12 à 18 ans appartenant à 4 constellations familiales (jumeaux
homozygotes et hétérozygotes, frères, garçons élevés ensemble) et chez
1 543 cas représentatifs de la constellation de la population générale.
Neuf équations relient les sept variances théoriques inconnues aux
neuf variances observées dans l'analyse de variance standard multivariée
(MAVA model).
La méthode du maximum de vraisemblance a été utilisée pour estimer
les variances et tester l'ajustement des données à trois modèles d'anal
yse de variance plus économiques en paramètres. En ce qui concerne les
trails UI 21, 32 et 33, on a trouvé un bon ajustement pour un modèle plus
économique.
Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de deux méthodes et les résultats
ont été comparés à ceux obtenus dans une étude antérieure. On observe des
différences notables dans un ou deux cas, mais la conclusion générale est
que le degré d'héritabiliié des traits étudiés est faible ou modéré.
1. Psychology Department, University of Illinois.
2. Population Genetics Department, University of Hawaii.
3. Psychiatry Universität of Trier.
4. Psychology University of Texas. R. B. Cattell et al. 430
INTRODUCTION
1. Objectives of the research
Strategic behavior genetics research begins with two ques
tions: (1) On what traits is it most important, for theory and for
psychological practice, first to establish degrees of inheritance?
and, (2) Which of the two main analytical methods, applicable
to humans, namely, the twin method and the MAVA method,
is more effective?
The first surely receives the answer that we should deal
with factorially-established, functionally-unitary, source traits
rather than the infinity of specific, narrow, situationally-tied
behaviors, concerning which chance of agreement of operation
and pursuit of replication by different psychologists are remote.
The bases of source trait patterns here have been fully discussed
by Nesselroade and Delhees (1966). In this case the patterns have
been checked (Cattell, Schmidt and Pawlik, 1973) as meaningful
and sufficiently constant across different countries. They have
numerous "non-test" criterion associations (Cattell and Schuerger,
1978). The second — the need for a more powerful method of
analysis — calls for use of the MAVA (Multiple Abstract Variance
"lame" twin method, wherever Analysis) rather than the relatively
data resources permit.
The present article is one of a series of investigations by MAVA
on the heritability of the principal primary personality source
traits. Half of them (Cattell, Rao, Schuerger and Vaughan, 1981 a
and b; Cattell, Schuerger and Klein, 1981; Cattell, Schmidt, Klein
and Schuerger, 1980; Cattell, Rao, Vaughan and Ahern, 1981;
Cattell, Klein, Graham and Kameoka, 1981) are
based on measurement by the objective tests of the O-A Battery.
The other half (Cattell, Schuerger, Klein and Ahern, 1981;
Cattell, Rao and Schuerger, 1981; Cattell, Kameoka, Klein and
Schuerger, 1981; and Kameoka, 1980) are based on questionnaire
scale measurement as in the 16PF (Cattell, 1973 {b)) and HSPQ
(Schumacher and Gattell, 1974). The heritability values across
these seven or eight studies are comparable in virtue of identity
of method and identity or similarity also of population samples.
They are published separately because together they would
overwhelm journal space, but particularly because different sets of personality traits 431 Hcritability
of personality traits interest psychologists in different areas and
it is important to have space for discussion of the implications
of the bare genetic results for personality theory.
This article concentrates on the results for four major per
sonality primaries already widely studied (Gattell and Schuerger,
1978; Schmidt, Hacker and Cattell, 1975) as to other properties
and criterion relations in clinical and educational psychology
(Gattell and Bjersted, 1967; Gattell, Schimdt and Bjersted, 1972;
Gattell and Schuerger, 1978; Eysenck and Eysenck, 1968;
Hundleby, Pawlik and Gattell, 1965; Ishikawa, 1977; Killian
and Cattell, 1967; Schmidt, Hacker and Gattell, 1975; Tatro,
1968). The titles used, adjusted to the present theories concerning
their natures, are however still to be regarded as tentative. For
this reason universal index (UI) numbers have meanwhile been
used to anchor them, simply as stable factor patterns in objective
test behaviors.
UI 21, Exuberance, is marked by quick and confident decisions,
high fluency, capacity to complete uncompleted pictures, and
other variables shown in Table I. Neurotics are significantly
below average on UI 21 (Gattell and Scheier, 1961) and schizo
phrenics still more so (Gattell, Schmidt and Bjersted,